transpiration and translocation

• What is the process of transporting sugars in plants called?

  Translocation
• How do plants transport water?

  Through transpiration
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  In the leaves
• What are phloem cells primarily responsible for?

  Transporting sugars
• What do we call the long columns formed by phloem cells?

  Phloem tubes
• What is cell sap?

  A mixture of water and sugar
• How do phloem tubes facilitate sugar transport?

  By allowing movement through small pores
• What can sugars be used for once transported?

  For energy or stored for later
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?

  Up or down the plant
• What are xylem tubes made of?

  Dead xylem cells
• What strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignin
• What do xylem tubes transport?

  Water and mineral ions
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is transpiration?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The chain of water molecules
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, airflow, humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light increases photosynthesis and transpiration
• What happens to transpiration at night?

  It decreases due to closed stomata
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Higher temperatures increase evaporation rates
• What creates a concentration gradient for water diffusion?

  Higher water concentration inside the leaf
• How does high airflow affect transpiration?

  It increases transpiration by blowing away water
• How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?

  Higher humidity decreases transpiration rates
• What are the main components of the mass transport systems in plants?

  • Phloem: transports sugars (translocation)
  • Xylem: transports water and minerals
  • Transpiration: evaporation of water from leaves
  • Transpiration stream: movement of water molecules
• What are the factors affecting the rate of transpiration in plants?

  1. Light intensity
  2. Temperature
  3. Airflow
  4. Humidity