Respiratory system

Cards (30)

  • What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
    Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • How does oxygen move from the alveoli to the bloodstream?
    Through diffusion from high to low concentration
  • What structure divides the trachea into two bronchi?
    The trachea
  • What happens to air as it travels through the mouth and nose?
    It is warmed before entering the trachea
  • What are the smaller tubes that branch from the bronchi called?
    Bronchioles
  • Where does gaseous exchange take place?
    In the alveoli of the lungs
  • What is the process of breathing?
    • Taking air into the lungs (inhalation)
    • Expelling air from the lungs (exhalation)
  • What muscle separates the chest cavity from the rest of the body?
    The diaphragm
  • What role do intercostal muscles play in breathing?
    They control rib movement during breathing
  • What occurs during inspiration?
    The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards
  • How do intercostal muscles assist during inhalation?
    They move the ribs upwards and outwards
  • What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?
    It relaxes and returns to a domed shape
  • What is the effect of rib movement during expiration?
    Ribs move inwards and downwards
  • What is the definition of gas exchange?
    Diffusion of gases in the alveoli
  • What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
    Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • How does oxygen move through the respiratory system?
    It diffuses into the bloodstream from the lungs
  • How does diffusion occur in the alveoli?
    From high concentration to low concentration
  • What is minute ventilation?
    Volume of air inspired or expired each minute
  • What is the role of haemoglobin in the blood?
    It carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • How do you calculate minute ventilation?
    Multiply tidal volume by breathing rate
  • What is the average resting breathing rate?
    12-15 breaths per minute
  • What is the thickness of the walls of capillaries and alveoli?
    One cell thick
  • What is tidal volume (TV)?
    Amount of air per normal breath
  • What type of membranes are the walls of capillaries and alveoli made of?
    Semi-permeable membranes
  • What is the average resting tidal volume?
    Approximately 500 ml
  • How does the concentration of oxygen differ between alveoli and blood?
    Higher in alveoli, lower in blood
  • What is the average resting minute ventilation (VE)?
    Approximately 7.5 litres per minute
  • How does the concentration of carbon dioxide differ between blood and alveoli?
    Higher in blood, lower in alveoli
  • What happens to tidal volume and breathing rate during physical activity?
    Both increase to supply more oxygen
  • What is the relationship between minute ventilation, tidal volume, and breathing rate?
    • Minute ventilation (VE) = Tidal volume (TV) × Breathing rate (f)
    • VE increases with exercise
    • TV and f both increase during activity