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Applied anatomy and physiology
Respiratory system
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Created by
Niyam Raghwani
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Cards (30)
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
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How does oxygen move from the alveoli to the bloodstream?
Through diffusion from high to low concentration
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What structure divides the trachea into two bronchi?
The trachea
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What happens to air as it travels through the mouth and nose?
It is warmed before entering the trachea
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What are the smaller tubes that branch from the bronchi called?
Bronchioles
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Where does gaseous exchange take place?
In the
alveoli
of the lungs
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What is the process of breathing?
Taking air into the
lungs
(
inhalation
)
Expelling air from the lungs (
exhalation
)
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What muscle separates the chest cavity from the rest of the body?
The
diaphragm
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What role do intercostal muscles play in breathing?
They control
rib
movement during breathing
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What occurs during inspiration?
The
diaphragm
contracts and moves downwards
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How do intercostal muscles assist during inhalation?
They move the
ribs
upwards and outwards
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What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?
It relaxes and returns to a domed shape
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What is the effect of rib movement during expiration?
Ribs move
inwards
and
downwards
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What is the definition of gas exchange?
Diffusion of gases in the alveoli
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
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How does oxygen move through the respiratory system?
It diffuses into the bloodstream from the lungs
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How does diffusion occur in the alveoli?
From high
concentration
to low concentration
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What is minute ventilation?
Volume of air
inspired
or
expired
each minute
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What is the role of haemoglobin in the blood?
It carries
oxygen
and
carbon dioxide
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How do you calculate minute ventilation?
Multiply tidal volume by breathing rate
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What is the average resting breathing rate?
12-15
breaths
per
minute
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What is the thickness of the walls of capillaries and alveoli?
One
cell thick
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What is tidal volume (TV)?
Amount of air per normal breath
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What type of membranes are the walls of capillaries and alveoli made of?
Semi-permeable
membranes
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What is the average resting tidal volume?
Approximately 500 ml
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How does the concentration of oxygen differ between alveoli and blood?
Higher
in
alveoli
,
lower
in
blood
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What is the average resting minute ventilation (VE)?
Approximately
7.5 litres
per minute
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How does the concentration of carbon dioxide differ between blood and alveoli?
Higher in blood, lower in alveoli
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What happens to tidal volume and breathing rate during physical activity?
Both increase to supply more oxygen
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What is the relationship between minute ventilation, tidal volume, and breathing rate?
Minute ventilation (VE) = Tidal volume (TV) × Breathing rate (f)
VE increases with
exercise
TV and f both increase during
activity
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