Long and short term effects of exercise

• What do body systems do during exercise?

  Provide energy for muscles and remove waste
• How do body systems adapt after regular exercise?

  They become more efficient
• What are the short term effects of exercise on the body systems?

  • Cardiovascular: Increase in stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, redistribution of blood flow
  • Respiratory: Increase in breathing rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation
  • Cardio-respiratory: Increase in oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal
  • Energy: Increase in lactic acid production
  • Muscular: Increase in muscle temperature, pliability, and fatigue
• What happens to the respiratory system during exercise?

  Increases breathing rate and tidal volume
• What is the role of the cardiovascular system during exercise?

  To pump more oxygenated blood around the body
• What is the vascular shunt mechanism?

  A process redistributing blood flow during exercise
• Why is warming up important before exercise?

  It prepares body systems for activity
• What happens to heart rate during a badminton rally?

  Heart rate increases during the rally
• What is the effect of warming up on muscle pliability?

  It increases muscle pliability
• How does the body respond to increased muscle activity during exercise?

  By increasing oxygen supply and waste removal
• What are the long-term effects of regular exercise on the body systems?

  • Improved cardiovascular efficiency
  • Enhanced respiratory capacity
  • Increased muscular strength and endurance
  • Better energy utilization
  • Reduced risk of injury
• What is the increase in lactic acid production associated with?

  Short term effects of exercise
• What happens to blood flow after exercise stops?

  Returns to its normal route
• Why might a person risk injury if they do not rest after exercise?

  Muscles need time to recover
• How does the body prioritize blood flow during exercise?

  More blood goes to working muscles
• What is the effect of exercise on muscle temperature?

  Muscle temperature increases
• What is the significance of increased stroke volume during exercise?

  More blood is pumped with each heartbeat
• How does increased heart rate benefit a person during exercise?

  It enhances blood circulation and oxygen delivery
• What happens to the body's systems when a person stops exercising?

  Systems gradually return to resting state
• What is the effect of regular exercise on body systems?

  They adapt to become more efficient
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

  • Cardiac hypertrophy
  • Increased stroke volume (SV)
  • Decreased resting heart rate (HR)
  • Increased cardiac output (Q)
  • Capillarisation at lungs and muscles
  • Increased number of red blood cells
• What type of activities produce long-term cardiovascular effects?

  Aerobic activities of lower intensity
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

  • Increased tidal volume (TV)
  • Increased minute ventilation (TE)
  • Increased vital capacity
  • Increased number of functioning alveoli
  • Increased strength of respiratory muscles
• What type of training enhances respiratory system effects?

  Aerobic activities of lower intensity
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the energy system?

  • Increased energy production from aerobic system
  • Increased tolerance to lactic acid
  • Faster recovery rate
  • Increased aerobic capacity
• What types of training improve the energy system?

  Aerobic and anaerobic training
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

  • Muscle hypertrophy
  • Increased strength of tendons and ligaments
  • Increased muscular strength and endurance
  • Increased speed of contraction
  • Increased resistance to fatigue
• What type of training enhances muscular system effects?

  Resistance and aerobic training
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the skeletal system?

  • Increase in bone density and strength
  • Increased flexibility
• What type of training improves skeletal system effects?

  Resistance and weight-bearing activities
• What does cardiac hypertrophy mean?

  Increase in size of the heart muscle
• How does cardiac hypertrophy affect stroke volume?

  It increases stroke volume during contractions
• What is capillarisation?

  Formation of new capillaries in tissues
• How does capillarisation benefit muscles?

  Increases oxygen transfer to muscles
• Give an example of exercise that produces cardiac hypertrophy.

  Long-distance running
• How do respiratory system adaptations benefit a netballer?

  More oxygen available for endurance
• What happens to tidal volume and minute ventilation with exercise?

  They both increase with regular exercise
• How does increased alveoli and capillaries affect performance?

  Delays fatigue and enhances performance
• How does cardiac output (Q) relate to stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)?

  Q = SV × HR
• What is the relationship between stroke volume and resting heart rate?

  Increased stroke volume decreases resting heart rate