Enzymes

• What factors affect the functioning of enzymes?

  Temperature and pH
• How does temperature affect the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions?

  Higher temperature increases reaction rate initially
• What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases?

  Rate of reaction increases
• Why does the rate of reaction drop after 37°C?

  High temperatures break bonds in enzymes
• At what temperature does enzyme denaturation occur in this context?

  Around 45°C
• What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity mentioned?

  37°C
• Do different enzymes have the same optimal temperature?

  No, they have different optimal temperatures
• What does pH measure?

  Acidity
• How does pH affect enzyme activity?

  Extreme pH lowers the rate of reaction
• What happens to the active site when pH changes?

  It changes shape, affecting substrate binding
• What is the optimal pH for most enzymes in the body?

  Around 7 (neutral)
• What is the optimal pH for stomach enzymes?

  Around 2
• What are the effects of high and low pH on enzymes?

  • High or low pH lowers reaction rate
  • Bonds holding enzymes break
  • Active site changes shape
  • Eventually leads to denaturation
• What is the process of enzyme denaturation?

  1. High temperature or extreme pH alters shape
  2. Active site changes, substrate fits less well
  3. Eventually, substrate cannot fit at all
  4. Enzyme is permanently denatured
• What resources are available for further learning?

  • Learning platform with videos
  • Practice questions
  • Progress tracking
  • Playlist of related videos