Movement analysis

• What is the purpose of specific terminology in sports movement analysis?

  To clarify types of movements
• What are the types of levers in the body?

  • First class levers
  • Second class levers
  • Third class levers
• How do levers multiply force?

  By providing greater force than the effort
• What condition gives a lever a greater mechanical advantage?

  If the effort distance is longer than the load distance
• Which class of levers has the best mechanical advantage?

  Second class levers
• How do second class levers benefit athletes?

  They can move large loads with small effort
• What forces does a high jumper apply during take-off?

  Large forces to the ground through their ankle
• How does the ankle operate during a high jump?

  With mechanical advantage to resist forces
• What are the components of movement analysis in sports?

  • Types of movements
  • Mechanical advantages of levers
  • Planes and axes of movement
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• What are the three planes of movement?

  • Sagittal plane: divides body into left and right
  • Frontal plane: divides body into front and back
  • Transverse plane: divides body into upper and lower halves
• What types of movement occur in the sagittal plane?

  Flexion and extension movements
• Give an example of a movement in the sagittal plane.

  Kicking a football
• What types of movement occur in the frontal plane?

  Abduction and adduction movements
• Give an example of a movement in the frontal plane.

  Jumping jack exercises
• What types of movement occur in the transverse plane?

  Rotation movements
• Give an example of a movement in the transverse plane.

  Hip rotation in a golf swing
• What is a parallel line?

  Lines that are always the same distance apart
• What are the three axes of movement?

  • Transverse axis: runs left to right
  • Frontal axis: runs front to back
  • Longitudinal axis: runs top to bottom
• What axis does a somersault rotate around?

  Transverse axis
• What axis does a cartwheel rotate around?

  Frontal axis
• What axis does a skater spin around?

  Longitudinal axis
• What plane and axis does a forward roll take place in?

  Sagittal plane, transverse axis
• What are the three types of levers in the body?

  First, second, and third class levers
• How does movement analysis relate to other systems?

  • Links closely with the skeletal system
  • Links closely with the muscular system
• What components make up a lever in the body?

  • Rigid structure (bone)
  • Force acting upon it (muscle)
  • Fulcrum (joint)
  • Load or resistance (weight of body part)
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  To provide educational resources
• What is the role of the fulcrum in a lever?

  The fulcrum is the fixed point of rotation
• What is the significance of the term "mechanical advantages of levers"?

  It relates to body movement analysis
• In a first class lever, where is the fulcrum located?

  The fulcrum is in the middle
• Which body part acts as a first class lever when raising the head?

  The neck acts as the fulcrum
• What does the term "flexion" refer to?

  A bending movement at a joint
• What is an example of a second class lever in the body?

  Standing on tiptoe
• What does the term "extension" refer to?

  A straightening movement at a joint
• In a second class lever, where is the load located?

  The load is in the middle