binomial, sign tests and chi test of association

    Cards (72)

    • What is the Binomial Test used for?
      To classify events into two categories
    • What question does the Binomial Test answer?
      Does sample frequency differ from population frequency?
    • What is required for observations in a Binomial Test?
      Observations must be independent
    • What is the minimum number of observations for a Binomial Test?
      10 observations
    • How does the Binomial Test relate to the Chi Square test?
      Both tests analyze categorical data
    • What does the Null Hypothesis (H0) specify in a Binomial Test?
      Expected proportions of two categories
    • What is a common expectation for proportions in a Binomial Test?
      Proportions are due to chance (50:50)
    • What does a p-value less than .05 indicate?
      Reject the null hypothesis
    • What does the Binomial Test Results window show?
      Counts and proportions of categories
    • What conclusion can be drawn if p = .004 in the coin toss example?
      The coin is biased
    • What does a p-value greater than .05 indicate?
      No significant difference
    • What does the Sign Test record?
      The direction of change
    • What does the Sign Test compare?
      Two conditions in a repeated measures design
    • What is the output of the Sign Test in JASP?
      Counts and proportions tested against 0.5
    • What does the Pearson Chi-square Test of Association assess?
      Independence of two categorical variables
    • What does the Null Hypothesis (H0) state in the Chi-square Test?
      Variables are completely independent
    • What is the alternative hypothesis (H1) in the Chi-square Test?
      There is a relationship between variables
    • What format is data presented in for the Chi-square Test?
      Contingency tables
    • What do expected frequencies represent in the Chi-square Test?
      Predicted frequencies under the null hypothesis
    • How do you calculate expected frequencies?
      Using row and column totals
    • What is the formula for the Chi-square Test of Association?
      Sum of squared differences divided by expected
    • How do you calculate the Chi-square statistic?
      Sum of (observed - expected)² / expected
    • What is the result of the Chi-square calculation for smokers and non-smokers?
      Chi-square value = 0.744
    • What does a Chi-square value indicate?
      Relationship between observed and expected frequencies
    • What behavior do males and females show regarding smoking?
      Exactly the same smoking behavior
    • What does fef_e represent in the Chi-square test?

      Expected frequency
    • What does fcf_c represent in the Chi-square test?

      Column total
    • What does frf_r represent in the Chi-square test?

      Row total
    • How do you calculate expected frequencies?
      Multiply total sample by category proportion
    • How do you calculate the Chi-square value for smokers and non-smokers?
      Add up all calculated values for categories
    • What is the significance of the obtained Chi-square value?
      It must be greater than the critical value
    • What is the critical value for df = 1 at alpha = 0.05?
      1. 84
    • What does a Chi-square value of 0.744 indicate?
      It is nonsignificant
    • How do you calculate degrees of freedom for the Chi-square test?
      df = (R-1) x (C-1)
    • What are the degrees of freedom for a 3x2 table?

      2
    • What is the first step to analyze data on JASP?
      Create a .csv file using Excel
    • What variable should be defined as 'sex' in JASP?
      1 = Male, 2 = Female
    • What should the frequency variable be named in JASP?

      'freq'
    • What is the purpose of selecting 'Frequencies >> Contingency Tables' in JASP?
      To analyze the relationship between variables
    • What should be ticked under Statistics in JASP?
      Chi-Square, Phi, and Cramer's V
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