Pelvic Girdle/Pelvis/Knee/Foot

• What is the shape of the pelvic girdle?

  Cup-shaped ring of bone
• What bones compose the pelvic girdle?

  Two innominate bones and the sacrum
• What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

  Provides attachment for muscles, ligaments, and viscera
• What joint connects the innominate bones to the sacrum?

  Sacroiliac joint
• What lies between the two pubic bones?

  Pubic cartilage
• What are the three components of the innominate bone?

  ilium, ischium, and pubis
• What structure does the innominate bone create?

  Acetabulum of the hip joint
• What is the role of the ilium?

  Provides attachment to muscles and ligaments
• Where is the iliac crest located?

  Anteriorly above the concavity of the ilium
• What is the ischium's position relative to the pubis?

  Runs parallel to the pubis
• What is the ischial tuberosity?

  A tube-like structure providing muscle attachment
• How does the pubis project?

  Medially and superiorly from the ischium
• What forms the acetabulum?

  Fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis
• At what age does the acetabulum typically fuse?

  16-18 years
• Why are there anatomical differences between male and female pelvises?

  For childbearing reasons
• How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis?

  Wider and deeper for childbirth
• What complications can arise from pregnancy related to the pelvic joints?

  Diastasis symphysis and pubis symphysis disorder
• What are the functions of the pelvis?

  1. Support and protect internal organs
  2. Support body weight through the sacroiliac joint
  3. Promote a neutral spine
  4. Provide attachments for skeletal muscles
  5. Support bones of the birth canal in females
• What is another name for the hip joint?

  Acetabular joint
• Where is the hip joint located?

  Inferior and lateral surface of the pelvic girdle
• What is the significance of the hip joint?

  It connects lower limbs to the trunk
• What type of joint is the hip joint?

  Ball and socket joint
• What movements does the hip joint allow?

  Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
• How does the acetabulum compare to the glenoid cavity?

  Deeper, less reliant on muscles for stability
• What is the orientation of the acetabulum?

  Faces laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly
• What predisposes the femoral neck to fracture?

  Not completely covered by the acetabulum
• What is the greater trochanter?

  A large process for muscle attachment
• Which muscles attach to the greater trochanter?

  Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis
• What is the lesser trochanter?

  A pyramid-shaped prominence for muscle attachment
• Which muscles attach to the lesser trochanter?

  Psoas and iliacus
• What is the structure of the hip joint capsule?

  Strong and thicker anteriorly
• What role do ligaments play in the hip joint?

  Maximize stability by exerting tension
• What ligaments hold the head of the femur in place?

  Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
• What is the role of muscles in the hip joint?

  Provide additional protection against dislocation
• What covers the surface of the sacrum?

  Hyaline cartilage
• What covers the adjacent surface of the ilium?

  Fibrocartilage
• What can excessive ligament sprains lead to?

  Bone fragments or subluxation
• What is a complication of pregnancy related to the symphysis pubis joint?

  Excessive movement during childbirth
• What is a typical Q-angle?

  Approximately 15°
• What happens when the Q-angle is greater than 15°?

  Knee deviates medially, causing strain