Virus

• what is a sign?


  objective indications of a disease or condition that may be observed or measured by others (or healthcare professionals)
• what are symptoms?


  subjective experiences reported by individuals that are feeling sensations that accompany a disease/condition which is not usually noticed by the patient
• how can rabies develop? (in a dog)

  • rabies virus in saliva of infected raccoon
  • rabies in the bite wound entering a motor neuron endplate
  • virus multiplies rapidly in spinal cord neurons
  • virus moves up spinal cord neurons to the brain
• signs and symptopms of rabies

  • behavioural changes
  • changes in vocalisation
  • Changes in eating or drinking
  • Paralysis
  • More severe can cause foaming at the mouth, seziures, disorientation, death
• preventions or rabies

  • vaccination
  • avoiding wild animals
  • vaccinate pets
• treatments of rabies

  • post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
  • rabies is almost always fatal
• neonate: birth to weaning

  -first 21 days

  juvenile

  -14 to 16 weeks

  adult

  -breed dependant: 12 months to 1 year

  senior

  -11 to 12 years

  geriatrics

  -over the age of 12
• signs and symptoms of distemper

  • discharge from the eyes and nose
  • fever
  • coughing
  • lethargy
  • reduced appetite
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • walking in circle
• how does distemper spread

  • can spread through direct contact with an infected animal
  • airborne exposure
  • through the placenta
  • contact with surfaces
• distemper prevention

  • vaccination
  • avoiding contact with infected animals
  • practice good hygine
• distemper treatment

  • no specific cure
  • use antibiotics
  • fluid maintainance
  • pain managment
• parvovirus signs and symptoms

  • severe vomiting
  • lethargy and weakness
  • dehydration
  • weight loss
  • fever
  • pain in abdomen
• how do parvovirus spread?


  highly contagious and spread with direct contact with infected dogs or their faeces. can also be spread with contaminated objects
• parvovirus preventions

  • vaccination
  • proper hygiene
  • avoiding contact with the infected
• how to treat parvovirus

  • no actual cure
  • intravenous fluids (combating dehydration)
  • antibiotics
  • pain medication
  • nutritional support
  • supportive care
• Signs and slymphoma or influenza (canine)

  • respiratory issues
  • Coughing
  • sneezing
  • runny nose
  • fever
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of appetite
  • Eye discharge
• how does influenza (canine) spread?


  spread with direct contact with infected dogs or indirect contact through comtaminated surfaces. can also been spread airborne (droplets) from coughing/sneezing
• influenza (canine) prevention

  • vaccination
  • avoiding contact
  • practicing good hygine
• how to treat influenza (canine)

  • no specific cure
  • provide rest
  • fluid therapy
  • medications
  • nutritional support
• Signs and symptoms of influenza (feline)

  • sneezing
  • runny nose
  • Coughing
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Mouth ulcers
  • Loss of appetite
  • Lethargy
  • Fever
• how does influenza (feline) spread?


  highly contagious and spread through direct contact with infected cats or though indirect contact with contaminated surfaces. can also be spread airborne through sneezing or coughing
• how to prevent (feline) influenza

  • vaccination
  • avoiding contact with infected cats
  • practicing good hygiene
• treatments for (feline) influenza

  • no direct cure
  • rest
  • fluid therapy
  • medication
  • nutritional support
• Influenza (equine) symptoms and signs

  • high fever
  • Coughing
  • Nasal discharge
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of appetite
  • Muscle soreness
• influenza (equine) spreading

  spreads through direct contact, indirect contact and through airborne droplets
• how to prevent influenza equine

  • vaccination
  • biosecurity
• How to treat influenza (equine)

  • no specific treatments
  • Rest
  • Fluid therapy
  • Medication
• Influenza swine signs and symptoms

  • respiratory issues
  • Coughing
  • Sneezing
  • Nasal discharge
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Fever
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of appetite
  • reduced weight gain
• how does influenza swine spread?

  direct contact, indirect contaminated surfaces and airborne droplets
• how to prevent influenza swine

  • biosecurity
  • vaccination
• influenza swine treatments

  • no direct treatment
  • rest
  • fluid therapy
  • medications
  • nutritional support
• feline herpes virus signs and symptoms

  • respiratory issues
  • eye symptoms
  • oral issues
  • general issues
• how does feline herpes virus spread?


  • direct contact
  • indirect contact
  • airborne droplets
• how to prevent feline herpes virus

  • vaccination
  • good hygiene
  • avoiding contact with infected cats
• treatments for feline herpes virus

  • supportive care
  • medication
  • eye treatment