animal studies L3

• What year was Lorenz's study conducted?

  1935
• What year was Harlow's study conducted?

  1959
• What was the procedure in Lorenz's study?

  • One group of gosling eggs with natural mother
  • Other eggs placed in an incubator
  • Observed imprinting on the first moving object
• What was the procedure in Harlow's study?

  • Created two mother surrogates
  • One surrogate wrapped in soft cloth
  • Milk bottle placed on both surrogates
  • Observed time spent with each surrogate
• What did Lorenz find about the goslings' behavior?

  They followed the first moving object, Lorenz
• What did Harlow find about the motherless monkeys' behavior?

  They spent most time with the cloth-covered mother
• What happens if goslings are not exposed to a moving object during the critical period?

  They do not imprint
• What did Harlow find about the development of motherless monkeys?

  They developed socially and sexually abnormal behaviors
• What did Lorenz note about the process of imprinting?

  It is irreversible and long-lasting
• What did Harlow find about recovery in motherless monkeys?

  Recovery possible if with peers before three months
• What is a criticism of Harlow's study?

  • Confounding variables in surrogate design
  • Differences in heads of surrogates
  • Lack of internal validity
• What did Guiton find regarding imprinting in chickens?

  Chickens imprinted on yellow rubber gloves
• What is the original concept of imprinting according to Lorenz?

  An image is stamped irreversibly on the nervous system
• How has the understanding of imprinting changed?

  Imprinting is now believed to be more flexible
• What are the implications of Harlow's findings for human attachment?

  • Findings mirrored in human attachment
  • Suggests importance of sensitive responding
  • Animal studies provide pointers for human behavior
• What is the ultimate aim of animal studies in psychology?

  To generalize conclusions to human behavior
• How does learning differ from imprinting?

  Learning can be rapid and reversible