L2

• What is the study of logic?

  Principles and techniques of reasoning
• What does the Greek word “logos” mean?

  Speech and reasoning
• Who is considered the father of logic?

  Aristotle
• What work did Aristotle organize the study of logic in?

  Organon
• What is a proposition?

  A declarative statement that is true or false
• Which of the following is an example of a true proposition?

  3 + 5 = 8
• Which of the following is an example of a false proposition?

  London is in America
• What is a Prime or Simple Proposition?

  A statement expressing a single complete thought
• What is a Compound Proposition?

  A proposition formed by connecting two or more propositions
• What are connectives in logic?

  Words or symbols used to form compound propositions
• Which letters are commonly used to denote simple propositions?

  Lowercase letters such as p, q, and r
• How can propositions be expressed?

  In symbols
• What is the symbol for negation?

  ¬ or ~
• What does the conjunction symbol (∧) represent?

  “And”
• What is the truth value of ¬𝑝 if p is true?

  False
• What does the disjunction symbol (∨) represent?

  “Or”
• What is the truth value of a proposition?

  The truthfulness or falsity of the proposition
• What is a Truth Table used for?

  To determine when a compound statement is true or false
• What is the truth value of 𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 if both p and q are false?

  False
• What is a conditional proposition?

  “If p, then q”
• When is a conditional statement false?

  If the hypothesis is true and conclusion is false
• What is the antecedent in a conditional statement?

  The proposition p
• What is the biconditional proposition?

  “p if and only if q”
• When is a biconditional statement true?

  If both hypothesis and conclusion are true or false
• What is a tautology?

  A statement that is always true
• What is a contradiction?

  A statement that is always false
• What is a contingency statement?

  A statement that is neither tautology nor contradiction
• How do you construct a truth table for a compound statement?

  1. Identify the propositions involved.
  2. Determine the truth values for each proposition.
  3. Apply logical connectives to find the compound statement's truth value.
  4. Record the results in a table format.
• What is the compound statement for "Joy is not an artist and not a musician"?

  ~�� ∧ ~𝑞
• What is the truth table for the statement (𝑝 → 𝑞) ∨ (𝑞 → 𝑝)?

  All entries are true
• What is the truth table for the statement [(𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∧ (~𝑝)] ∧ (~𝑞)?

  All entries are false
• What is the conclusion for the statement "Since, the statement is neither tautology nor contradiction"?

  It is a contingency