Fruits and seeds

• What perspective will be discussed regarding fruits?

  Botanical perspective
• How can you remember what a fruit is?

  Anything that has seeds is a fruit
• What is technically considered a vegetable?

  Anything that doesn't have seeds
• What are fruits essentially described as?

  Ovaries that contain seeds
• How do fruits form?

  From ovaries on the flower after pollination
• What determines the number of seeds in a fruit?

  Number of eggs fertilized at the pistol's base
• What are the three tissues that typically make up fruits?

  Exocarp, endocarp, mesocarp
• What is the pericarp?

  All tissues surrounding the seed
• What are the characteristics of fleshy fruits?

  Mesocarp is fleshy or moist
• What are drupes?

  Fleshy fruits with a single seed
• Give examples of drupes.

  Peach, cherry, olive
• What defines a berry?

  A fleshy fruit with multiple seeds
• What is a true berry?

  A berry with a thin exocarp
• Name some examples of true berries.

  Tomatoes, grapes, blueberries
• Why are strawberries and raspberries not considered true berries?

  They are a different type of fruit
• What are pepos?

  Berries with a thick rind
• Give examples of pepos.

  Cucumbers, pumpkins, squashes
• What is a hesperidium?

  A type of berry with leathery skin
• Which fruits are classified as hesperidia?

  Citrus fruits like oranges and lemons
• What are pomes?

  Fruits from inferior ovaries
• Name some examples of pomes.

  Apples, pears, rose hips
• What characterizes dry fruits?

  Mesocarp is dry when mature
• What are the two groups of dry fruits?

  Dehiscent and indehiscent fruits
• What are dehiscent fruits?

  Fruits that split open when mature
• Give examples of dehiscent fruits.

  Follicles and legumes
• What is a follicle?

  A fruit that splits open on one side
• What is a legume?

  A fruit that splits open on both sides
• What differentiates a silique from a silicle?

  Length; silique is longer
• What are capsules?

  Fruits that split open unpredictably
• What is an achene?

  A dry fruit that does not split open
• What is a nut?

  A hard pericarp with a fused seed
• What is a grain also referred to as?

  Caryopsis
• What characterizes caryopses?

  Pericarp tightly united with the seed
• What is a samara?

  A fruit with a wing for dispersal
• What are schizocarps?

  Fruits that break into one-seeded segments
• What are aggregate fruits?

  Fruits from multiple pistils of one flower
• Give examples of aggregate fruits.

  Blackberries, raspberries, strawberries
• What are multiple fruits?

  Fruits from multiple flowers
• Give examples of multiple fruits.

  Pineapples, figs, mulberries
• How can fruits be dispersed?

  By wind, animals, or water