ions and ionic bonding

• What is the definition of "atomic number"?

  The number of protons in an atom
• How would you represent the electronic structure of oxygen?

  Draw its electron configuration

  
• What are the similarities and differences between Thomson's plum pudding model and Bohr's nuclear model?

  • Similarity: Both describe atomic structure
  • Difference: Thomson's model has no nucleus, Bohr's does
• Why are noble gases considered unreactive?

  They have full outer electron shells
• Why does the reactivity of group 7 halogens decrease down the group?

  Increased atomic size reduces attraction for electrons
• What is formed when sodium reacts with chlorine?

  Sodium chloride (NaCl)

  
• What is an ion?

  A charged atom
• How can an ion form?

  By adding or removing electrons
• How many protons does sodium have?

  11 protons
• How many neutrons does sodium have?

  12 neutrons
• How many electrons does chlorine have?

  17 electrons
• How many neutrons does chlorine have?

  18 neutrons
• What happens to sodium when it reacts?

  It loses one electron
• What type of ion is formed when sodium loses an electron?

  A positive ion (Na+)
• What happens to chlorine when it reacts?

  It gains one electron
• What type of ion is formed when chlorine gains an electron?

  A negative ion (Cl-)

  
• What is oxidation in terms of electron transfer?

  Loss of electrons
• What is reduction in terms of electron transfer?

  Gain of electrons
• What is ionic bonding?

  Attraction between oppositely charged ions
• What is the result of ionic bonding?

  Formation of stable ionic compounds
• What type of elements participate in ionic bonding?

  Metals and non-metals
• What do metals do in ionic bonding?

  Lose electrons to form positive ions
• What do non-metals do in ionic bonding?

  Gain electrons to form negative ions
• What is the charge of a sodium ion?

  Na+ (positive charge)
• What is the charge of a magnesium ion?

  Mg2+ (positive charge)
• What is the charge of a chloride ion?

  Cl- (negative charge)
• What is the charge of an oxide ion?

  O2- (negative charge)
• What is the charge of a sulfide ion?

  S2- (negative charge)
• What are the formulas for the following ionic compounds?

  • Potassium chloride: KCl
  • Sodium fluoride: NaF
  • Magnesium sulfide: MgS
  • Calcium oxide: CaO
  • Potassium oxide: K2O
  • Calcium chloride: CaCl2
  • Aluminium chloride: AlCl3
  • Aluminium oxide: Al2O3
• What is the electron arrangement for sodium?

  2, 8, 1
• What is the electron arrangement for chlorine?

  2, 8, 7
• What is the electron arrangement for magnesium?

  2, 8, 2
• How many electrons does magnesium have?

  12 electrons
• What is the electron arrangement for oxygen?

  2, 6
• How many electrons does sulfur have?

  16 electrons
• How many electrons does oxygen have?

  8 electrons