2. group 2 metals

• What is the electron configuration ending for group 2 elements?

  Ends in S2
• What ions do group 2 elements form when they react?

  Plus two ions
• How does atomic radius change as you go down group 2?

  It increases
• Why does ionization energy decrease down group 2?

  Due to increased shielding and distance
• What happens to the number of protons as you go down group 2?

  It increases
• What effect does shielding have on ionization energy?

  It weakens attraction between nucleus and electrons
• What generally happens to melting points as you go down group 2?

  They decrease
• Why do melting points decrease down group 2?

  Due to larger metal ions and constant delocalized electrons
• What is produced when group 2 metals react with water?

  Metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas
• How does reactivity change as you go down group 2?

  It increases
• Which group 2 metal does not react with water?

  Barium
• What happens when magnesium reacts with steam?

  Produces magnesium oxide
• How does solubility of group 2 hydroxides change down the group?

  They become more soluble
• How does solubility of group 2 sulfates change down the group?

  They become less soluble
• What is the test for sulfates using barium chloride?

  White precipitate indicates sulfates
• Why is hydrochloric acid added before barium chloride in sulfate testing?

  To remove carbonates that could interfere
• What is produced when group 2 compounds neutralize acids?

  Water and a salt
• What is calcium hydroxide used for in agriculture?

  To neutralize acidic soils
• What is magnesium hydroxide used for?

  As an antacid to neutralize stomach acid
• What is the ionic equation for neutralization?

  H+ + OH- → H2O
• How is barium sulfate used in medicine?

  To identify problems in the digestive tract
• Why is barium sulfate safe for medical use despite being toxic?

  It is insoluble and not absorbed into blood
• What is the role of magnesium in titanium extraction?

  It reduces titanium chloride to pure titanium
• What is the purpose of wet scrubbing in pollution control?

  To neutralize acidic gases like sulfur dioxide
• What products are formed when calcium carbonate reacts with sulfur dioxide?

  Calcium sulfate, water, and carbon dioxide
• What is a use for calcium sulfate produced from wet scrubbing?

  It is used to make plasterboard
• What is the general trend of solubility for group 2 sulfates?

  Less soluble as you go down the group
• What is the general trend of solubility for group 2 hydroxides?

  More soluble as you go down the group
• What is the significance of the exception in melting points for magnesium?

  It has a unique structural arrangement
• How does the size of the metal ion affect melting points in group 2 metals?

  Larger ions weaken metallic bonds, lowering melting points
• How does the reactivity of group 2 metals compare to group 1 metals?

  Group 2 metals are less reactive than group 1
• What is the role of the fractional distillation column in titanium extraction?

  To increase purity of titanium chloride
• What happens to the charge of titanium during its reduction?

  It goes from +4 to 0
• What is the main use of titanium due to its properties?

  In aircraft and aerospace applications
• What is the environmental benefit of using calcium carbonate in wet scrubbing?

  It reduces harmful sulfur dioxide emissions
• How does the process of neutralization benefit agriculture?

  It improves soil conditions for plant growth
• What is the significance of the insolubility of barium sulfate in medical applications?

  It prevents absorption into the bloodstream
• Why is magnesium used in the extraction of titanium?

  It acts as a reducing agent
• How does the structure of magnesium differ from other group 2 metals?

  It has a unique arrangement affecting its properties
• What is the role of calcium hydroxide in neutralizing acidic soils?

  It raises the pH of the soil