12. polymerisation

• What are the three main types of condensation polymers?

  Polypeptides, polyamides, polyesters
• What is condensation polymerization?

  Joining monomers with water elimination
• How does condensation polymerization differ from addition polymerization?

  Condensation eliminates water; addition does not
• What type of link is formed in polyamides?

  Amide link
• What monomers are used to form polyamides?

  Dicarboxylic acids and diamines
• What is an example of a polyamide?

  Kevlar
• What is Kevlar used for?

  Bulletproof vests and car tires
• What is the structure of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid?

  Benzene ring with carboxylate ions
• What is the significance of the repeat unit in a polymer?

  It shows the structure of the polymer chain
• What is the link formed in polyesters?

  Ester link
• What is nylon 6-6 made from?

  Hexane dioic acid and 1,6-diaminohexane
• Why is nylon 6-6 considered durable?

  It has strong and robust properties
• What monomers are used to form polyesters?

  Dicarboxylic acids and diols
• How are esters formed in polyesters?

  By reacting dicarboxylic acids with diols
• What are the key characteristics of condensation polymers?

  • Formed by joining monomers
  • Water is eliminated during formation
  • Types include polyamides and polyesters
• What are the applications of polyamides and polyesters?

  • Polyamides: bulletproof vests, ropes, clothing
  • Polyesters: bottles, clothing, and packaging
• What is the process of forming a repeat unit in a polymer?

  • Identify monomer units
  • Remove water during bonding
  • Draw trailing bonds to indicate repetition
• What type of links are formed when dicarboxylic acids react with diols?

  Ester links
• What is a diol in chemistry?

  A molecule with two alcohol groups
• What type of polymer is formed when dicarboxylic acids and diols react?

  Condensation polymer
• Why is it called a condensation reaction when forming polyesters?

  Water is removed during the reaction
• What is one example of a polyester?

  Terylene
• Where is terylene commonly used?

  In plastic drinks bottles
• What does the number in the triangle on plastic bottles indicate?

  The type of plastic
• What is terylene made from?

  Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and a diol
• What happens during the formation of terylene?

  Water is eliminated
• What is hydrolysis?

  Breaking down using water
• What do condensation polymers produce during hydrolysis?

  The original monomers
• Why are some plastics difficult to dispose of?

  They do not degrade well
• What is one method to degrade plastics?

  Using hydrolysis
• What is a polyamide?

  A type of condensation polymer
• What happens when water is added to a polyamide?

  It breaks down into monomers
• What is the significance of identifying the link in polymer structures?

  It helps determine the monomer units
• How do condensation polymers compare to addition polymers in terms of degradation?

  Condensation polymers degrade better
• Why are condensation polymers more reactive with water?

  They have polar bonds
• What is one property of condensation polymers?

  They are usually more rigid
• What is the role of hydrogen bonds in condensation polymers?

  They increase the strength of polymers
• What is an example of a synthetic polymer?

  Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
• What is Teflon used for?

  Non-stick coatings on pans
• Why are addition polymers less biodegradable?

  They are unreactive and saturated