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The Universe
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Created by
Rabail Adnan
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Cards (32)
What do line spectra help identify in stars?
Elements
present
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What happens when substances are very hot?
They
emit
light
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How can light from hot gases be viewed?
Through a
diffraction grating
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What type of spectrum do hot gases emit?
Specific
frequencies
or
wavelengths
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How can we identify the composition of gas in a star?
By matching
frequencies
to
elements
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What is a line emission spectrum?
Light emitted by an
element
in
hot
gas
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What does a hot gas cloud release?
A series of
light frequencies
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How do line emission spectra act for elements?
Like a
chemical fingerprint
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What happens when a gas cools?
It absorbs the same
frequencies
of light
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What appears as dark lines in an absorption spectrum?
Absorbed frequencies of light
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How can we identify elements in a cool gas?
By observing the
absorption spectrum
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Who invented the spectroscope?
Joseph von Fraunhofer
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What did scientists use absorption spectra for in the 19th century?
To identify
elements
in Earth's
atmosphere
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What happens to the wavelength of sound when the source moves towards an observer?
It is
compressed
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What is the effect called when the wavelength of sound changes due to movement?
Doppler shift
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What happens to the pitch of an ambulance siren as it approaches?
It appears higher in pitch
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How does the Doppler effect apply to light?
It changes the
wavelength
of light emitted
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What is red shift in light?
Light
shifts
towards
the
red
end
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What is blue shift in light?
Light shifts towards the
blue
end
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How can red and blue shifts be observed?
On line
emission
or
absorption
spectra
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Who first hypothesized the cosmological red shift?
Edward Hubble
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What did Hubble observe about galaxies' absorption spectra?
They displayed
red shifted
patterns
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What does the cosmological red shift indicate about galaxies?
They are moving away from the
Milky Way
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What correlation did Hubble suggest regarding galaxies and red shift?
Distance and
degree
of red shift
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What is Hubble's constant?
The
gradient
of the
line
in
Hubble's
plot
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How can Hubble's constant be used?
To estimate the age of the
universe
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How old did Hubble estimate the universe to be?
~
14 billion
years
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What is the current estimate of the universe's age?
13.7 billion
years
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What does the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) provide evidence for?
A
continually expanding universe
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What type of radiation was detected as part of the CMBR?
Microwave
radiation
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What was released during the initial explosion of the universe?
High energy, short wavelength
gamma radiation
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What happens to gamma waves as the universe expands?
They red-shift into
microwaves
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