The Universe

Cards (32)

  • What do line spectra help identify in stars?
    Elements present
  • What happens when substances are very hot?
    They emit light
  • How can light from hot gases be viewed?
    Through a diffraction grating
  • What type of spectrum do hot gases emit?
    Specific frequencies or wavelengths
  • How can we identify the composition of gas in a star?
    By matching frequencies to elements
  • What is a line emission spectrum?
    Light emitted by an element in hot gas
  • What does a hot gas cloud release?
    A series of light frequencies
  • How do line emission spectra act for elements?
    Like a chemical fingerprint
  • What happens when a gas cools?
    It absorbs the same frequencies of light
  • What appears as dark lines in an absorption spectrum?
    Absorbed frequencies of light
  • How can we identify elements in a cool gas?
    By observing the absorption spectrum
  • Who invented the spectroscope?
    Joseph von Fraunhofer
  • What did scientists use absorption spectra for in the 19th century?
    To identify elements in Earth's atmosphere
  • What happens to the wavelength of sound when the source moves towards an observer?
    It is compressed
  • What is the effect called when the wavelength of sound changes due to movement?
    Doppler shift
  • What happens to the pitch of an ambulance siren as it approaches?
    It appears higher in pitch
  • How does the Doppler effect apply to light?
    It changes the wavelength of light emitted
  • What is red shift in light?
    Light shifts towards the red end
  • What is blue shift in light?
    Light shifts towards the blue end
  • How can red and blue shifts be observed?
    On line emission or absorption spectra
  • Who first hypothesized the cosmological red shift?
    Edward Hubble
  • What did Hubble observe about galaxies' absorption spectra?
    They displayed red shifted patterns
  • What does the cosmological red shift indicate about galaxies?
    They are moving away from the Milky Way
  • What correlation did Hubble suggest regarding galaxies and red shift?
    Distance and degree of red shift
  • What is Hubble's constant?
    The gradient of the line in Hubble's plot
  • How can Hubble's constant be used?
    To estimate the age of the universe
  • How old did Hubble estimate the universe to be?
    ~14 billion years
  • What is the current estimate of the universe's age?
    13.7 billion years
  • What does the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) provide evidence for?
    A continually expanding universe
  • What type of radiation was detected as part of the CMBR?
    Microwave radiation
  • What was released during the initial explosion of the universe?
    High energy, short wavelength gamma radiation
  • What happens to gamma waves as the universe expands?
    They red-shift into microwaves