R

    Cards (93)

    • What period does the term Renaissance describe?
      Late 1400s
    • How did the Renaissance influence medical progress?
      It encouraged questioning and experimentation
    • Where did the Renaissance begin?
      Italy
    • What was the attitude of wealthy businessmen in Florence during the Renaissance?
      They funded scholars to study ancient texts
    • What did the Renaissance change about people's approach to knowledge?
      People began to seek evidence themselves
    • What does the word Renaissance mean?
      Rebirth
    • What was a significant invention made in 1451 that influenced knowledge sharing?
      The printing press
    • How did the printing press affect access to knowledge?
      It made books more accessible and affordable
    • What centuries did the Renaissance span?
      14th to 16th century
    • What did people begin to do instead of just accepting what they were told?
      They began to question and seek evidence
    • Who was a Belgian studying in Italy that influenced medicine?
      Andreas Vesalius
    • What was a key aspect of Vesalius's breakthrough?
      He accurately described human anatomy
    • What incorrect idea about kidneys did doctors have before Vesalius's breakthrough?
      Kidneys are on top of each other
    • What did Vesalius discover about the human jawbone?
      It is made from one bone
    • How did Vesalius's work change medical ideas and treatments?
      Doctors gained more accurate knowledge of anatomy
    • Did Vesalius's discovery improve health in the short term?
      Yes, it provided better understanding of anatomy
    • What other discoveries were needed to fully utilize Vesalius's breakthrough?
      Understanding blood circulation
    • How did Vesalius's breakthrough influence future medical thinking?
      It encouraged questioning traditional ideas
    • What was the title of Vesalius's influential book?
      The Fabric of the Human Body
    • What did dissection demonstrate in the context of Vesalius's work?
      It showed the importance of studying human bodies
    • What did Vesalius advocate for in medical education?
      Doctors should learn through discovery
    • Why did Vesalius's breakthrough happen?
      It challenged Galen's traditional ideas
    • Who was a significant figure in changing surgery?
      Ambroise Paré
    • How did Ambroise Paré change surgery?
      He used ligatures instead of cauterization
    • What was a major challenge in surgery during Paré's time?
      Infections from non-sterile ligatures
    • What did many patients describe about their surgical experiences?
      They experienced "excruciating agony"
    • What substances were used as anaesthetics during this period?
      Wine and opium
    • What was a risk associated with anaesthetics at the time?
      An incorrect dose could be fatal
    • What requirement did the Royal College of Surgeons impose on surgeons?
      Surgeons needed a license to practice
    • What was the limitation of the Royal College of Surgeons' rules?
      Rules did not apply across the country
    • Who was famous for his speed and dexterity in surgery?
      William Cheselden
    • What was William Cheselden able to do in less than a minute?
      Remove a stone from the bladder
    • How many people were listed in the Medical Directory in 1856?
      10,220 people
    • What percentage of those in the Medical Directory had a medical degree?
      4%
    • What was required to become a surgeon in 1811?
      Attend one course in anatomy and surgery
    • What was mandated for surgeons in 1833?
      At least 1 year's hospital experience
    • What were the key improvements in surgery during the Early Modern era?
      • Use of ligatures to prevent blood loss
      • Improved surgical skills and techniques
      • Licensing requirements for surgeons
    • What were the limitations of surgical practices in the Early Modern era?
      • Non-sterile ligatures led to infections
      • Unpredictable effects of anaesthetics
      • Negative patient experiences during surgery
    • Who is known for the discovery of blood circulation?
      William Harvey
    • What area of medicine did William Harvey contribute to?
      Blood circulation
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