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Cards (93)
What period does the term Renaissance describe?
Late
1400s
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How did the Renaissance influence medical progress?
It encouraged questioning and experimentation
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Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
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What was the attitude of wealthy businessmen in Florence during the Renaissance?
They funded scholars to study ancient texts
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What did the Renaissance change about people's approach to knowledge?
People began to seek
evidence
themselves
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What does the word Renaissance mean?
Rebirth
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What was a significant invention made in 1451 that influenced knowledge sharing?
The
printing press
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How did the printing press affect access to knowledge?
It made books more
accessible
and affordable
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What centuries did the Renaissance span?
14th
to
16th
century
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What did people begin to do instead of just accepting what they were told?
They began to
question
and seek
evidence
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Who was a Belgian studying in Italy that influenced medicine?
Andreas Vesalius
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What was a key aspect of Vesalius's breakthrough?
He accurately described
human anatomy
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What incorrect idea about kidneys did doctors have before Vesalius's breakthrough?
Kidneys are on top of each other
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What did Vesalius discover about the human jawbone?
It is made from one bone
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How did Vesalius's work change medical ideas and treatments?
Doctors gained more accurate knowledge of
anatomy
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Did Vesalius's discovery improve health in the short term?
Yes, it provided better understanding of
anatomy
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What other discoveries were needed to fully utilize Vesalius's breakthrough?
Understanding blood circulation
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How did Vesalius's breakthrough influence future medical thinking?
It encouraged questioning
traditional
ideas
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What was the title of Vesalius's influential book?
The Fabric of the Human Body
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What did dissection demonstrate in the context of Vesalius's work?
It showed the importance of studying
human bodies
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What did Vesalius advocate for in medical education?
Doctors should learn through
discovery
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Why did Vesalius's breakthrough happen?
It challenged Galen's traditional ideas
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Who was a significant figure in changing surgery?
Ambroise Paré
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How did Ambroise Paré change surgery?
He used
ligatures
instead of
cauterization
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What was a major challenge in surgery during Paré's time?
Infections
from non-sterile
ligatures
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What did many patients describe about their surgical experiences?
They experienced "
excruciating
agony"
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What substances were used as anaesthetics during this period?
Wine
and
opium
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What was a risk associated with anaesthetics at the time?
An
incorrect
dose could be
fatal
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What requirement did the Royal College of Surgeons impose on surgeons?
Surgeons needed a
license
to practice
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What was the limitation of the Royal College of Surgeons' rules?
Rules
did not
apply
across the
country
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Who was famous for his speed and dexterity in surgery?
William Cheselden
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What was William Cheselden able to do in less than a minute?
Remove a
stone from the bladder
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How many people were listed in the Medical Directory in 1856?
10,220
people
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What percentage of those in the Medical Directory had a medical degree?
4%
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What was required to become a surgeon in 1811?
Attend one course in
anatomy
and
surgery
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What was mandated for surgeons in 1833?
At least 1 year's
hospital
experience
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What were the key improvements in surgery during the Early Modern era?
Use of
ligatures
to prevent blood loss
Improved surgical skills and techniques
Licensing requirements for
surgeons
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What were the limitations of surgical practices in the Early Modern era?
Non-sterile
ligatures
led to infections
Unpredictable effects of
anaesthetics
Negative patient experiences during surgery
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Who is known for the discovery of blood circulation?
William Harvey
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What area of medicine did William Harvey contribute to?
Blood circulation
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