chem topic 2

• What type of solvents do many ionic compounds dissolve in?

  Polar solvents, e.g. water
• What are the two main factors that affect solubility?

  Breaking down the ionic lattice and attraction
• How do polar molecules interact with ionic compounds in solution?

  They attract and surround the ions
• What role does the δ+ end of a polar molecule play in solubility?

  It surrounds the negative anion
• What role does the δ- end of a polar molecule play in solubility?

  It surrounds the positive cation
• What determines the solubility of an ionic compound?

  Strength of electrostatic forces and attractions
• How does ionic charge affect the solubility of ionic compounds?

  The greater the ionic charge, the less soluble
• What type of bond do haloalkanes contain?

  Polar bond
• Why are haloalkanes only partially soluble in water?

  They cannot form hydrogen bonds
• Which types of hydrogen bonds are absent in haloalkanes?

  1. F, H-O, H-N bonds
• How does the absence of H-F, H-O, or H-N bonds affect haloalkanes' solubility in water?

  It prevents them from forming hydrogen bonds
• How does the size of covalent molecules affect their solubility?

  Solubility can decrease as size increases
• Why does ethanol dissolve well in water compared to hexanol?

  Ethanol is smaller and more polar than hexanol
• What is the chemical formula for ethanol?

  C2H5OH
• Why do polar covalent substances struggle to dissolve in non-polar solvents?

  Dipole-dipole attractions cannot interact well
• What is the general behavior of giant covalent substances in solvents?

  They generally don't dissolve in any solvents
• Why can't giant covalent substances dissolve in solvents?

  The energy to break strong covalent bonds is too great
• What is the principle that explains solubility behavior?

  'Like dissolves like'
• What types of substances dissolve well in non-polar solvents?

  Non-polar substances mostly dissolve in non-polar solvents
• What forces form between non-polar solutes and non-polar solvents?

  Dispersion forces form between them
• How do polar covalent substances behave in polar solvents?

  They dissolve due to dipole-dipole interactions
• What is a good example of polar covalent substances dissolving in polar solvents?

  Alcohols dissolving in water
• What are the key factors affecting solubility of covalent molecules?

  • Size of the molecule
  • Polarity of the molecule
  • Nature of the solvent
  • Intermolecular forces involved