equilibria

• What is the product of magnesium and oxygen reaction?

  Magnesium oxide
• What does the arrow (---->) indicate in a chemical reaction?

  The reaction only goes forward
• What are reversible reactions?

  Reactions that can form products and reactants
• How can we change the direction of reversible reactions?

  By changing the conditions
• What does endothermic mean?

  It will absorb heat
• What does exothermic mean?

  It will release heat
• What happens when we heat hydrated copper sulfate?

  It forms anhydrous copper sulfate and water
• What does heating hydrated copper sulfate indicate about the forward reaction?

  It is endothermic
• What happens in the reverse reaction of heating hydrated copper sulfate?

  Energy is released
• If a reversible reaction is exothermic in one direction, what is it in the opposite direction?

  Endothermic
• What is dynamic equilibrium?

  Forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate
• What does a closed system ensure in a dynamic equilibrium?

  No reactants or products escape
• Does dynamic equilibrium mean concentrations of reactants and products are the same?

  No, they can be different
• What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?

  Equilibrium shifts to counteract changes
• What indicates an exothermic reaction in terms of energy change?

  Negative overall energy change
• What indicates an endothermic reaction in terms of energy change?

  Positive overall energy change
• What happens to equilibrium if the temperature is decreased?

  It shifts to the exothermic side
• How does increased pressure affect equilibrium?

  It shifts to the side with fewer molecules
• What happens if pressure is decreased in a reaction?

  Equilibrium shifts to the side with more molecules
• How does increasing the concentration of products affect equilibrium?

  It shifts to the products side
• What are the key concepts of reversible reactions?

  • Forward and backward reactions can occur
  • Direction can be changed by conditions
  • Endothermic absorbs heat, exothermic releases heat
• What are the effects of temperature, pressure, and concentration on equilibrium?

  • Temperature: Decrease shifts to exothermic side
  • Pressure: Increase shifts to side with fewer molecules
  • Concentration: Increase shifts to products side
• dynamic equilibrium: when the forwards reaction happens at the same rate as the backwards reaction in a closed system. the concentrations of both reactants and products stay the same.