specific heat capacity

• What concept relates internal energy to temperature?

  Specific heat capacity
• What is internal energy?

  Total energy stored by particles
• What are the two parts of internal energy?

  Potential energy stores and kinetic energy stores
• Which type of energy is important for temperature changes?

  Kinetic energy
• How does heating a substance affect its internal energy?

  It increases the kinetic energy of particles
• What does temperature measure in a substance?

  Average internal energy of the substance
• How much energy does water require to increase by one degree Celsius?

  4200 joules
• How much energy does mercury require to increase by one degree Celsius?

  139 joules
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy needed to raise temperature of 1 kg by 1°C
• What happens when a substance cools by one degree Celsius?

  It releases energy equal to its specific heat capacity
• What is the equation for change in internal energy?

  ΔU = m × c × Δθ
• How do you convert grams to kilograms in calculations?

  Divide by 1000
• How do you convert kilojoules to joules?

  Multiply by 1000
• What is the change in temperature for 800 grams of water with 20 kJ energy?

  1. 95 degrees Celsius
• What is the final temperature of water after heating?

  25.95 degrees Celsius
• Why might the temperature not increase as much in real life?

  Energy is lost to the surroundings
• What are the steps to find the final temperature of a substance after energy transfer?

  1. Identify mass and specific heat capacity.
  2. Convert units if necessary.
  3. Use the equation ΔU = m × c × Δθ.
  4. Calculate change in temperature.
  5. Add change to initial temperature.
• What factors affect the specific heat capacity of materials?

  • Type of material
  • Molecular structure
  • Bonding forces
  • Temperature range