circulatory/cardiovascular system

• Hematology – study of blood
• The fundamental purpose of the circulatory system is to transport substances from place to place in the body.
• Blood is the liquid medium in which these materials travel, blood vessels ensure the proper routing of blood to its destinations, and the heart is the pump that keeps the blood flowing.
• Open Circulatory System

  • The circulatory fluid, called hemolymph, is also the interstitial fluid that bathes body cells.
• Closed Circulatory System

  • A circulatory fluid called blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid.
• SYSTEMATIC CIRCULATION - Delivers oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
• PULMONARY CIRCULATION - Transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and returns oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.
• prolonged stays underwater is the capacity to store large amounts of O2 in their bodies
• mammals contain a high concentration of an oxygen-storing protein called myoglobin in their muscles
• a Weddell seal’s muscles deplete the O2 stored in myoglobin and then derive their ATP from fermentation instead of respiration
• Movement of the respiratory medium over the respiratory surface, a process called ventilation, maintains the partial pressure gradients of O2 and CO2 across the gill that are necessary for gas exchange.
• Blood - ·It is a liquid connective tissue composed, like other connective tissues, of cells and an extracellular matrix.
• ·The matrix is the blood plasma, a clear, light yellow fluid constituting a little over half of the blood volume.
• ERYTHROCYTES - red blood cells

  • Lacking mitochondria, RBCs rely exclusively on anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP.
• THROMBOCYTES - platelets

  • vessels and thus help reduce blood loss.
• LEUKOCYTES - white blood cell

  • ewan ko ba