nature nurture

• What does the nature view suggest about behavior?

  Behavior is a product of innate biological factors
• What are some physical characteristics that are biologically determined?

  Eye color, skin pigmentation, certain diseases
• What is heredity?

  The process of passing traits to offspring
• How are characteristics like height and weight related to genetics?

  They are positively correlated with genetic relatedness
• What is the nativist position in psychology?

  Characteristics are a product of evolution and genetics
• What do family, twin, and adoption studies indicate about behavior?

  Closer relatedness increases similarity in behaviors
• What is the risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia in the general population?

  Approximately 1%
• What did Gottsman and Shields (1991) find about schizophrenia risk?

  Risk increases to 46% with two affected parents
• What did Joseph (2004) find regarding MZ and DZ twins and schizophrenia?

  MZ twins had a 40.4% concordance rate
• How do nativists view characteristics that emerge later in life?

  As products of maturation influenced by a biological clock
• What is Huntingdon’s disease?

  A genetically transmitted disorder emerging later in life
• What do evolutionary explanations emphasize about nature?

  Behaviors that enhance survival are naturally selected
• Who proposed that children are biologically programmed to form attachments?

  Bowlby
• What is the view of nurture in psychology?

  Behavior is influenced by environmental factors
• What does the term tabula rasa mean?

  A blank slate regarding human mind
• Who first proposed the tabula rasa concept?

  John Locke
• How do behavioral psychologists explain attachment?

  Through classical conditioning and association
• What is Bandura's view on aggression?

  Aggression is learned through observation and imitation
• What does the Double Bind Theory suggest about schizophrenia?

  It results from disordered family communication
• What is the diathesis-stress model?

  It explains disorders as a genetic and environmental interaction
• What was the finding of the Finnish Adoption Study regarding schizophrenia?

  10% rate in children of schizophrenic mothers
• What does neural plasticity refer to?

  The brain's ability to reorganize itself
• What did Maguire et al. (2000) find about taxi drivers' brains?

  Their hippocampi were larger than non-taxi drivers
• What are the three types of gene-environment interactions described by Plomin et al. (1977)?

  • Passive gene-environment interaction
  • Evocative/reactive gene-environment interaction
  • Active gene-environment interaction
• What is passive gene-environment interaction?

  Parents pass on genes and provide an environment
• What is evocative gene-environment interaction?

  Heritable traits influence reactions from others
• What is active gene-environment interaction?

  Heritable traits influence choice of environment
• What is niche-picking?

  Choosing environments that match genetic traits