redox I

• Why are oxidation states important in chemistry?

  They help understand redox reactions.
• What does an oxidation state indicate about an atom?

  It shows electrons gained or lost.
• How is the concept of oxidation state related to electronegativity?

  Electronegativity helps determine oxidation states.
• How can electronegativities be used in determining oxidation states?

  By identifying which element takes the electron pair.
• What are the rules for assigning oxidation states?

  • Treat every bond as ionic.
  • Identify the most electronegative element.
• What is the oxidation state of fluorine in compounds?

  Fluorine's oxidation state is always -1.
• What is the oxidation state of oxygen in most compounds?

  Oxygen's oxidation state is always -2.
• When does the oxidation state of oxygen differ from -2?

  In compounds with fluorine or peroxides.
• What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in most compounds?

  Hydrogen's oxidation state is +1.
• In which cases does hydrogen have an oxidation state of -1?

  In metal hydrides like NaH.
• What are the oxidation number rules for ions and pure elements?

  • Overall oxidation state equals ion charge.
  • Oxidation state of simple ion is its charge.
  • Pure elements have an oxidation state of zero.
• How are oxidation states represented in compounds?

  Using Roman numerals, e.g., Fe(III).
• What does Fe(III) sulfate indicate about iron's oxidation state?

  Iron has an oxidation state of +3.