respiratory regulation

• what is respiratory regulation

  breathing rate and depth is continually adjusted to maintain the appropriate levels of O2 and CO2
• what is ventilation control

  the nervous system can increase or decrease the rate, depths and rhythm of breathing
• what is the respiratory control center (RCC)

  it is located in the medulla oblongata of the brain

  it controls breathing
• what are the two centers in the RVC

  inspiratory control

  expiratory control
• what does the inspiratory control do

  sends out impulses via the phrenic nerve to the inspiratory muscles

  stimulates inspiratory muscles to contract at rest and during exercise
• what is expiratory control

  stimulates expiratory muscles during exercise, when stretch receptors detect changes in the rate and depth of breathing

  stimulate extra expiratory muscles to contract during exercise
• Respiratory regulation during exercise

  Sensory nerves relay information to the RCC where a response is initiated by the IC and the EC
• Chemical control

  Chemo receptors

  Detect changes in pH level blood acidity, increases in CO2 and decreases in O2
• neural control

  Thermo receptors

  Inform of increased blood temperature
• Neural control

  Proprioceptors

  Detect movement in muscles and joints
• Neural control

  Buroreceptors

  Detects an increase in blood pressure
• respiratory regulation at rest

  IC is responsible for the rhythmic cycle of breathing

  Nerve impulses are generated and stimulate the inspiratory muscles, causing them to contract
• what nerves cause inspiratory muscles to contract

  Intercostal nerve to the external intercostals

  phrenic nerve to the diaphragm
• What does carbon dioxide do for respiratory regulation?

  When exercise stops CO2, blood pressure and muscle movements all decrease
• What detect CO2 levels in respiratory regulation

  Receptors which send impulses to the cardiac control center (CCC)
• Where is the impulse sent by the cardiac control center?

  Through the parasympathetic system which stimulates the sinoatrial node and heart rate decreases
• What happens at rest of respiratory regulation?

  The expiratory center is inactive at rest due to the natural relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals