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PAPER 2
Research methods
Observational design
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Created by
Lila
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Cards (12)
What is an unstructured observation
The
researcher
records
any
relevant
behaviour
with no
system
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What is a structured observation
A
researcher
uses
systems
to
organise
observations
e.g.
behavioural
categories
and
sampling procedures
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What are behavioural categories
When
a
target behaviour
is
broken
up
into
components
that are
observable
and
measurable
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What is inter-observer reliability
Observations
being
carried
out by
2
observers
to
reduce
bias.
If there is
consistency
between
the
observers
judgement
and
recording
of
behaviours
there is
high
inter-observer
reliability
.
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What are two sampling methods for a structured observation
1.
Event sampling
2.
Time sampling
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What is event sampling
The
researcher
records
every
time the
target
behaviour
or event
occurs
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What is an advantage and disadvantage of event sampling
Advantage:
Useful
when
target
behaviour
happens
infrequently
Disadvantage: If
event
is too
complex
observer
may
overlook
important
details
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What is time sampling
The
researcher
records
target
behaviours
in a
given
time
frame
e.g.
noting
what a
target
individual
is
doing
every
15 seconds
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What is an advantage and disadvantage of time sampling
Advantage:
effective
in
reducing
number
of
observations
made
Disadvantage:
Instances
when
behaviour
is
sampled
might be
unrepresentative
of
observation
as a
whole
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State an advantage of using unstructured observations
Richer
qualitative data
is
collected
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State two disadvantages of using unstructured observations
1.
Qualitative data
=
hard
to
record
and
analyse
2.
Observer bias
=
researcher
may
only
record
those
behaviours
that
catch
their
eye
which
may
not
be the
most
important
or
useful
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State two advantages of using structured observations
1.
Produces
quantitative data
which is
easier
to
analyse
2.
Less
chance
of
observer bias
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