Geography

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    • How can effective monitoring and planning minimise risk near volcanoes in wealthier countries?
      • Provide early warning systems to allow for timely evacuation
      • Implement strict building codes to withstand eruptions
      • Develop emergency response plans to manage post-eruption scenarios
    • How do the minerals from volcanic ash influence agriculture around volcanoes?
      • Volcanic ash makes soil very fertile
      • This attracts farmers to the area for agriculture
    • What minerals can be found in magma around volcanoes?
      • Copper
      • Gold
      • Silver
      • Lead
      • Zinc
    • What is a reason why some people cannot afford to move away from volcanoes?
      They cannot afford to move or live anywhere else.
    • Why do people not worry about the frequency of volcanic events?
      Because many volcanic events are infrequent.
    • What instruments monitor Earth movements for earthquakes?
      • Seismometers
      • Lasers
    • What signs do scientists monitor to predict volcanic eruptions?
      • Earthquakes
      • Escaping gas
      • Changes of shape
    • Can earthquakes be reliably predicted?
      • No, earthquakes cannot reliably be predicted.
    • Under what condition can volcanoes be predicted?
      If they are monitored closely.
    • What protection measures are taken for earthquakes?
      • Buildings reinforced/strengthened
      • Automatic shut-off switches for gas and electricity
    • What protection measures are used for volcanoes?
      • Buildings strengthened
      • Trenches and barriers to divert lava
    • What are the two main types of volcanoes?
      Destructive and Constructive volcanoes.
    • What planning strategies can governments implement to mitigate tectonic hazards?
      • Plan evacuation routes
      • Encourage people to stockpile emergency supplies
      • Avoid high-risk areas in future developments
    • Describe the formation process of a destructive volcano.
      • An oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate
      • The oceanic crust melts in the mantle
      • Magma rises through cracks (vents)
      • Magma erupts to form a volcano
    • Describe the formation process of a constructive volcano.
      • Two plates move away from each other
      • Magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap
      • Magma cools and creates new crust
      • The new crust forms a volcano
    • What are hotspots in volcanic regions?
      Hotspots are parts of the mantle that are really hot.
    • How do destructive earthquakes occur?
      Pressure builds when one plate gets stuck as it moves past each other.
    • How do constructive earthquakes occur?
      Pressure builds along the cracks in the plates as they move past each other.
    • How do conservative earthquakes occur?
      Pressure builds when the plates that are grinding past each other get stuck.
    • Earthquakes are caused by sudden movements along fault lines within the Earth's crust.
    • The core consists of two parts - an inner solid core and an outer liquid core.
    • The mantle is the thickest layer beneath the crust, made up mostly of magma and rock.
    • The Earth's crust is the outermost layer, composed mainly of silicate minerals.
    • Plate tectonics theory states that Earth's crust is broken up into several large pieces or plates that move slowly over time.
    • Volcanoes can be classified based on their location, type of material they eject, and frequency of activity.
    • Tsunamis are giant ocean waves generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or other disturbances underwater.
    • Convection currents occur when hotter material rises while cooler material sinks, creating convective cells.
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