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1. Defining rural-urban migration
Geography
43 cards
Cards (70)
How can effective monitoring and planning minimise risk near volcanoes in wealthier countries?
Provide
early warning systems
to allow for timely evacuation
Implement strict building codes to withstand eruptions
Develop emergency response plans to manage post-eruption scenarios
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How do the minerals from volcanic ash influence agriculture around volcanoes?
Volcanic ash makes
soil
very
fertile
This attracts
farmers
to the area for
agriculture
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What minerals can be found in magma around volcanoes?
Copper
Gold
Silver
Lead
Zinc
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What is a reason why some people cannot afford to move away from volcanoes?
They cannot afford to
move
or
live
anywhere else.
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Why do people not worry about the frequency of volcanic events?
Because many volcanic events are
infrequent
.
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What instruments monitor Earth movements for earthquakes?
Seismometers
Lasers
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What signs do scientists monitor to predict volcanic eruptions?
Earthquakes
Escaping gas
Changes of shape
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Can earthquakes be reliably predicted?
No
,
earthquakes
cannot
reliably
be
predicted.
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Under what condition can volcanoes be predicted?
If they are
monitored
closely.
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What protection measures are taken for earthquakes?
Buildings
reinforced
/strengthened
Automatic shut-off switches for
gas
and electricity
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What protection measures are used for volcanoes?
Buildings
strengthened
Trenches and barriers to divert
lava
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What are the two main types of volcanoes?
Destructive
and
Constructive
volcanoes.
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What planning strategies can governments implement to mitigate tectonic hazards?
Plan
evacuation routes
Encourage people to stockpile emergency supplies
Avoid high-risk areas in future developments
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Describe the formation process of a destructive volcano.
An
oceanic plate
subducts beneath a
continental plate
The oceanic crust melts in the
mantle
Magma rises through
cracks
(
vents
)
Magma erupts to form a volcano
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Describe the formation process of a constructive volcano.
Two
plates
move away from each other
Magma rises from the
mantle
to fill the gap
Magma cools and creates new crust
The new crust forms a volcano
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What are hotspots in volcanic regions?
Hotspots are parts of the
mantle
that are really hot.
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How do destructive earthquakes occur?
Pressure builds when one
plate
gets
stuck
as it moves past each other.
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How do constructive earthquakes occur?
Pressure builds along the
cracks
in the
plates
as they move past each other.
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How do conservative earthquakes occur?
Pressure builds when the
plates
that are
grinding
past each other get stuck.
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Earthquakes
are caused by sudden movements along
fault lines
within the
Earth's crust
.
The
core
consists of two parts - an inner
solid
core and an outer
liquid
core.
The
mantle
is the thickest layer beneath the
crust
, made up mostly of
magma
and rock.
The
Earth's crust
is the outermost layer, composed mainly of
silicate minerals
.
Plate tectonics
theory states that
Earth's crust
is broken up into
several
large pieces or plates that move slowly
over time
.
Volcanoes
can be classified based on their
location
, type of
material
they eject, and
frequency
of activity.
Tsunamis are giant ocean waves generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or other disturbances underwater.
Convection currents
occur when hotter material rises while cooler material sinks, creating
convective cells
.
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