Test science term 1

• What is an element?

  A substance that can't be broken down
• What are the general properties of metals?

  Shiny, malleable, high density, and strong
• What are the general properties of non-metals?

  Low density, non-conductive, and brittle
• What is a property of metals when struck?

  They are sonorous
• What are the properties of metals?

  High melting/boiling points, good conductors
• What are the properties of non-metals?

  Poor conductors, dull, and low melting points
• What happens when metals react with water?

  Metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas are formed
• What is the word equation for a metal reacting with water?

  Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
• What is produced when potassium reacts with water?

  Potassium hydroxide and hydrogen
• What is formed when metals react with acids?

  A salt and hydrogen gas are formed
• What is the word equation for a metal reacting with an acid?

  Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
• What are the names of salts derived from hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids?

  Chloride, sulfate, and nitrate
• What happens when metals react with oxygen?

  Metal oxides are formed
• What is corrosion in metals?

  When a metal object is exposed to air
• What is rusting?

  Corrosion of iron when exposed to air
• What is oxidation?

  When a substance reacts and combines with oxygen
• What is an example of an oxidation reaction?

  Combustion (burning)
• What does an element gain in an oxidation reaction?

  Oxygen atoms
• How does the reactivity of metals vary?

  Some metals are very reactive, others are not
• What is the reactivity series of metals?

  • Potassium: very reactive
  • Sodium: reactive
  • Lithium: reactive
  • Calcium: reactive
  • Magnesium: moderately reactive
  • Aluminium: moderately reactive
  • Zinc: less reactive
  • Iron: less reactive
  • Tin: less reactive
  • Lead: less reactive
  • Copper: very unreactive
  • Silver: very unreactive
• What occurs in displacement reactions?

  A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal
• What is a base?

  A substance that can neutralize acids
• What does the pH scale measure?


  How acidic a substance is
• How can pH be measured?

  Using a pH meter or universal indicator
• What is a neutralization reaction?

  An acid and alkali neutralize to produce salt and water
• What is produced in a neutralization reaction?

  A salt and water
• How can the names of salts be determined?

  From the names of the acid and alkali that react
• What is the salt produced from hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

  Sodium chloride
• What is a salt?

  A compound where hydrogen atoms are replaced by metal atoms
• What is the general equation for acid and alkali reactions?

  Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water
• What is the general equation for metal and acid reactions?

  Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
• A chemical reaction is when two or more substances react to form one or more new substances.