The Periodic Table

• Navigating the table/Periodic Law: The table is a list of elements in order of increasing atomic number.
• Properties of Elements:

  • Elements on the left side of the line are considered metals
  • Elements on the far right of the line are considered non-metals.
• Nonmetals:

  • dull
  • brittle when solid
  • non-conductors of heat & electricity
  • gain electrons when bonding
• Noble Gases:

  • inert or unreactive
  • full valence shell
• Allotropes: two or more different forms of the same element; same element, built in a different way.
• Metals:

  • shiny
  • malleable
  • ductile
  • lose electrons when bonding
  • conducts heat and electricity
• Valence Electrons: The electrons that are found in the outermost shell of an atom.
• Lewis Dot Structures: A structure that shows the number of valence electrons.
• Ionic Configuration:

  • when one cation atom and one anion atom are attracted to each other
  • happens when one atom gives electrons to another
• Trend within Groups and Periods:

  • Atoms within a group increase the electronegativity from left to right. Atomic Radius increases from right to left
  • Atoms within a period increases atomic radius from top to bottom. Electronegativity decreases from top to bottom.
• Electronegativity:

  • the measure of attraction for electrons in a bond
  • how well an atom holds onto its electrons