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Microbiology
Subcutaneous mycoses
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Created by
Chimjisimike Ike-Uyanwune
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Cards (44)
What is subcutaneous mycosis defined as?
Fungal
infection with characteristic lesions
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How is subcutaneous mycosis typically introduced into the body?
Through
trivial
trauma
percutaneously
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What is mycetoma?
A
chronic
granulomatous
infection
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What are the characteristic features of mycetoma?
Tumefaction
Draining
sinuses
Grains
or granules
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What commonly causes mycetoma?
Actinomycetes
and
filamentous fungi
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Where do microabscesses form in mycetoma?
In
subcutaneous
tissues
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What happens when microabscesses burst in mycetoma?
They form chronic multiple
sinuses
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What is the typical discharge from mycetoma sinuses?
Seropurulent fluid containing
granules
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What is the most common site of mycetoma infection?
Lower extremities
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What is the color and consistency of mycetoma granules dependent on?
The
fungi
that cause the disease
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What is the typical appearance of lesions in mycetoma?
Painless
,
localized
,
swollen
lesions
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What is the gender ratio for mycetoma occurrence?
5:1
male to female
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What age group is most affected by mycetoma?
Persons aged
20–40
years
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What is the primary treatment for mycotic mycetomas?
Surgical treatment by
amputation
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What is essential for the clinical diagnosis of mycetoma?
High index
of
clinical suspicion
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What is the laboratory diagnosis of mycetoma based on?
Demonstration of
fungi
in granules
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What is rhinosporidiosis caused by?
Rhinosporidium
seeberi
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Where are most rhinosporidiosis cases reported?
India
,
Sri Lanka
,
South America
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Why is R. seeberi difficult to culture?
Cannot be cultured in
artificial media
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What is the mode of infection for R. seeberi suggested to be?
Transmitted
in dust and water
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What characterizes the lesions in rhinosporidiosis?
Large friable
polyps
or wart-like lesions
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How is rhinosporidiosis diagnosed in the laboratory?
Demonstration of
sporangia
in tissue
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What do sporangia contain?
Hundreds
of
endospores
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What is the treatment for rhinosporidiosis?
Surgery
or
cauterization
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What is sporotrichosis also known as?
Rose gardener's disease
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What causes sporotrichosis?
Sporothrix schenckii
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Where is S. schenckii commonly found?
Soil
,
decaying
woods, thorns
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How does sporotrichosis typically enter the body?
Through direct contact with
spores
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What happens at the site of thorn injury in sporotrichosis?
Local
pustule or ulcer forms
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What occurs to regional lymph nodes in sporotrichosis?
They enlarge,
suppurate
, and ulcerate
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What are the two phases of S. schenckii?
Yeast phase
and
mycelium phase
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What does the yeast phase of S. schenckii look like?
Round, oval, or cigar-shaped
cells
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What stain is useful for demonstrating S. schenckii structures?
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)
stain
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What does the fungus produce on SDA at 25°C?
Black and shiny
colonies
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What do asteroid bodies consist of?
A central
basophilic
budding
yeast
cell
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What is the drug of choice for sporotrichosis treatment?
Itraconazole
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What does chromomycosis include?
Chromoblastomycosis
Phaeohyphomycosis
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What causes chromoblastomycosis?
Several
soil fungi
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What characterizes chromoblastomycosis lesions?
Warty nodules at site of inoculation
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What is the laboratory diagnosis for chromoblastomycosis?
Demonstration of dark brown thick-walled cells
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