Subcutaneous mycoses

Cards (44)

  • What is subcutaneous mycosis defined as?
    Fungal infection with characteristic lesions
  • How is subcutaneous mycosis typically introduced into the body?
    Through trivial trauma percutaneously
  • What is mycetoma?
    A chronic granulomatous infection
  • What are the characteristic features of mycetoma?
    • Tumefaction
    • Draining sinuses
    • Grains or granules
  • What commonly causes mycetoma?
    Actinomycetes and filamentous fungi
  • Where do microabscesses form in mycetoma?
    In subcutaneous tissues
  • What happens when microabscesses burst in mycetoma?
    They form chronic multiple sinuses
  • What is the typical discharge from mycetoma sinuses?
    Seropurulent fluid containing granules
  • What is the most common site of mycetoma infection?
    Lower extremities
  • What is the color and consistency of mycetoma granules dependent on?
    The fungi that cause the disease
  • What is the typical appearance of lesions in mycetoma?
    Painless, localized, swollen lesions
  • What is the gender ratio for mycetoma occurrence?
    1. 5:1 male to female
  • What age group is most affected by mycetoma?
    Persons aged 20–40 years
  • What is the primary treatment for mycotic mycetomas?
    Surgical treatment by amputation
  • What is essential for the clinical diagnosis of mycetoma?
    High index of clinical suspicion
  • What is the laboratory diagnosis of mycetoma based on?
    Demonstration of fungi in granules
  • What is rhinosporidiosis caused by?
    Rhinosporidium seeberi
  • Where are most rhinosporidiosis cases reported?
    India, Sri Lanka, South America
  • Why is R. seeberi difficult to culture?
    Cannot be cultured in artificial media
  • What is the mode of infection for R. seeberi suggested to be?
    Transmitted in dust and water
  • What characterizes the lesions in rhinosporidiosis?
    Large friable polyps or wart-like lesions
  • How is rhinosporidiosis diagnosed in the laboratory?
    Demonstration of sporangia in tissue
  • What do sporangia contain?
    Hundreds of endospores
  • What is the treatment for rhinosporidiosis?
    Surgery or cauterization
  • What is sporotrichosis also known as?
    Rose gardener's disease
  • What causes sporotrichosis?
    Sporothrix schenckii
  • Where is S. schenckii commonly found?
    Soil, decaying woods, thorns
  • How does sporotrichosis typically enter the body?
    Through direct contact with spores
  • What happens at the site of thorn injury in sporotrichosis?
    Local pustule or ulcer forms
  • What occurs to regional lymph nodes in sporotrichosis?
    They enlarge, suppurate, and ulcerate
  • What are the two phases of S. schenckii?
    Yeast phase and mycelium phase
  • What does the yeast phase of S. schenckii look like?
    Round, oval, or cigar-shaped cells
  • What stain is useful for demonstrating S. schenckii structures?
    Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain
  • What does the fungus produce on SDA at 25°C?
    Black and shiny colonies
  • What do asteroid bodies consist of?
    A central basophilic budding yeast cell
  • What is the drug of choice for sporotrichosis treatment?
    Itraconazole
  • What does chromomycosis include?
    • Chromoblastomycosis
    • Phaeohyphomycosis
  • What causes chromoblastomycosis?
    Several soil fungi
  • What characterizes chromoblastomycosis lesions?
    Warty nodules at site of inoculation
  • What is the laboratory diagnosis for chromoblastomycosis?
    Demonstration of dark brown thick-walled cells