Group 2 Metals

• What are the alkaline earth metals also known as?

  Group 2 of the periodic table
• What charge do metal ions from group 2 have?

  They have a two plus charge
• Give an example of a group 2 metal ion.

  Magnesium 2 plus
• How do group 2 metals react with water?

  They react to form hydroxides and hydrogen
• What is the general reaction formula for group 2 metals with water?

  M + H2O → MOH + H2
• What is a special case for magnesium when reacting with water?

  It reacts with steam to form magnesium oxide
• What happens to reactivity as you go down group 2?

  Reactivity increases down the group
• Why does reactivity increase down group 2?

  Outer electrons are further from the nucleus
• What is the reaction of calcium with water like?

  It is quite vigorous and produces heat
• What is the solubility trend for hydroxides in group 2?

  Least soluble to most soluble down the group
• What is the solubility trend for sulfates in group 2?

  Most soluble to least soluble down the group
• What is magnesium hydroxide's solubility?

  Practically insoluble
• What is magnesium sulfate's solubility?

  It forms a nice solution
• What is magnesium hydroxide commonly used for?

  As an antacid for indigestion
• Why is barium sulfate used in medical imaging?

  It absorbs x-rays for clearer images
• What is the reason barium sulfate can be safely swallowed?

  It is insoluble and non-toxic
• What is calcium hydroxide also known as?

  Slaked lime
• How is calcium hydroxide used in agriculture?

  To neutralize acidic soil
• What is the test for sulfate ions?

  Add barium chloride to the solution
• What indicates a positive test for sulfate ions?

  White precipitate of barium sulfate
• Why can't sulfuric acid be used to acidify the test for sulfates?

  It contains sulfate ions, causing false positives
• What is group 2 of the periodic table also known as?

  Alkaline earth metals
• What is the charge on the metal ions in group 2?

  2+
• How do group 2 metals react with water?

  They form the metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
• What is the balanced equation for the reaction of magnesium with water?

  Mg + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2
• How does the reactivity of group 2 metals change as you go down the group?

  The reactivity increases
• Why does the reactivity of group 2 metals increase as you go down the group?

  The atoms get larger, making it easier to lose the outer shell electrons
• What is the trend in solubility of group 2 hydroxides as you go down the group?

  They become less soluble
• What is the trend in solubility of group 2 sulfates as you go down the group?

  They become more soluble
• What is magnesium hydroxide used for?

  As an antacid to neutralize stomach acid
• Why can barium sulfate be used as a "barium meal" for medical x-rays?

  It is insoluble so it does not get absorbed into the body
• What is the chemical test for sulfate ions?

  Add barium chloride, a white precipitate of barium sulfate forms
• Why would you not use sulfuric acid to acidify a solution when testing for sulfate ions?

  Sulfuric acid already contains sulfate ions, leading to a false positive result
• What are the key properties of group 2 metals?

  • Form 2+ ions
  • Increase in reactivity down the group
  • Hydroxides become less soluble down the group
  • Sulfates become more soluble down the group
• How can barium sulfate be used in medical imaging?

  • Barium sulfate is used as a "barium meal" for x-ray imaging of the digestive tract
  • It is insoluble so it does not get absorbed, allowing the digestive system to be clearly visualized on x-rays
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative vs. quantitative research methods?

  Advantages of qualitative:

  • Provides rich, in-depth data
  • Flexible and adaptable
  • Captures complex phenomena

  
  

  Disadvantages of qualitative:

  • Time-consuming and labor-intensive
  • Potential for researcher bias
  • Limited generalizability
  • Difficulty in replicating results