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Cards (30)
What is the symbol for a capacitor?
Two
parallel
lines
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What is the primary function of a capacitor?
To store
electrical charge
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How is the charge stored on a capacitor related to potential difference?
Charge is
proportional
to potential difference
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What is the formula for capacitance?
c
=
c =
c
=
q
v
\frac{q}{v}
v
q
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What does capacitance measure?
Charge
stored per unit
potential difference
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What is the unit of capacitance?
Farad
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How is one farad defined?
One
coulomb
stored per one
volt
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Describe the flow of electrons when a capacitor charges.
Electrons flow from
negative cell
to negative
plate
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What happens to the charges on the plates of a capacitor during charging?
Plates acquire
equal
and
opposite
charges
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How can a charged capacitor be used in a circuit?
As a
power source
for a light bulb
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What is the rule for adding capacitors in parallel?
Total
capacitance
is the
sum
of
individual
capacitances:
C
t
o
t
a
l
=
C_{total} =
C
t
o
t
a
l
=
C
1
+
C_1 +
C
1
+
C
2
C_2
C
2
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What is the total capacitance of two 300 microfarad capacitors in parallel?
600
microfarads
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What is the rule for adding capacitors in series?
Total
capacitance
is given by:
1
C
t
o
t
a
l
=
\frac{1}{C_{total}} =
C
t
o
t
a
l
1
=
1
C
1
+
\frac{1}{C_1} +
C
1
1
+
1
C
2
\frac{1}{C_2}
C
2
1
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What is the total capacitance of two 300 microfarad capacitors in series?
150
microfarads
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Why is the rule for adding capacitors in series different from that for resistors?
Capacitors store
charge
differently than resistors
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How is total charge calculated in a parallel circuit?
Total charge is the sum of
individual charges
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What does Kirchhoff's second law state about potential difference in a series circuit?
Sum of
emf
equals sum of potential differences
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What is the relationship between voltage and charge in a parallel circuit?
Voltage is the same across all
branches
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How does voltage change during the discharging of a capacitor?
Voltage decreases
exponentially
over time
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What is the equation for voltage across a discharging capacitor?
v
=
v =
v
=
v
0
e
−
t
c
r
v_0 e^{-\frac{t}{c r}}
v
0
e
−
cr
t
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What is the initial voltage of a 500 microfarad capacitor charged to 6 volts?
6
volts
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How do you calculate the voltage across a capacitor after 150 seconds of discharging?
Use
v
=
v =
v
=
v
0
e
−
t
c
r
v_0 e^{-\frac{t}{c r}}
v
0
e
−
cr
t
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What is the time constant for a capacitor?
τ
=
\tau =
τ
=
c
⋅
r
c \cdot r
c
⋅
r
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What does the time constant indicate in a capacitor circuit?
Time for voltage to drop to
37%
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How can the time constant be derived from the units of capacitance and resistance?
It has units of time (
seconds
)
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What happens to voltage at the time constant?
Voltage drops to
37%
of initial value
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How can you determine capacitance from a discharge graph?
Use
time constant
and
resistance relationship
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What is the equation for voltage across a charging capacitor?
v
c
=
v_c =
v
c
=
v
0
(
1
−
e
−
t
c
r
)
v_0 (1 - e^{-\frac{t}{c r}})
v
0
(
1
−
e
−
cr
t
)
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How does current behave in a charging capacitor circuit?
Current
decreases
as
capacitor
charges
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What happens to the current when the capacitor is fully charged?
Current
drops
to
zero
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