Programming Fundamentals

• What are the three programming constructs?

  Sequence, Selection, Iteration
• What does the sequence construct do in programming?

  It structures code in logical order
• How does the selection construct function in programming?

  It uses if statements for decision making
• What is the purpose of the iteration construct?

  To repeat code using loops
• What is the role of variables in programming?

  To store data in programs
• What are the two parts of a variable?

  Data value and identifier
• Why should variable names be sensible?

  To clarify their purpose in the program
• What is an example of a sensible variable name?

  First_Name
• What are local variables?

  Declared within a specific subroutine
• What are global variables?

  Used anywhere in the whole program
• What is an advantage of local variables?

  They save memory when not in use
• Why are local variables easier to debug?

  They can only be changed in one subroutine
• What is an advantage of global variables?

  They can be used in multiple subroutines
• What is a constant in programming?

  Data that does not change in value
• Give an example of a constant.

  Pi (3.14159)
• What are comparison operators used for?

  To compare two data values
• What are arithmetic operators used for?

  To mathematically manipulate values
• What is the addition operator symbol?

  +
• What is the subtraction operator symbol?


  • 
    
• What is the multiplication operator symbol?

  *
• What is the division operator symbol?

  /
• What does modulo division do?

  Reveals the remainder from division
• What does integer division reveal?

  The whole number of times a number divides
• What does the symbol ^ represent?


  Exponentiation in some programming languages
• What does Python use for exponentiation?

  **
• What are logical operators used for?

  To work with TRUE and FALSE values
• What is the term for TRUE and FALSE values?

  Boolean
• What are the three programming constructs and their functions?

  • Sequence: Structures code in logical order
  • Selection: Uses if statements for decision making
  • Iteration: Repeats code using loops
• What are the differences between local and global variables?

  • Local Variables:
  • Declared within a specific subroutine
  • Used only within that subroutine
  • Global Variables:
  • Used anywhere in the program
  • Declared once for the entire program
• What are the advantages of local and global variables?

  • Local Variables:
  • Save memory when not in use
  • Easier to debug
  • Global Variables:
  • Used in multiple subroutines
  • Easier maintenance
• What is the difference between variables and constants?

  • Variables: Data that can change value
  • Constants: Data that remains fixed in value
• What are the types of operators in programming?

  • Comparison Operators: Compare two data values
  • Arithmetic Operators: Mathematically manipulate values
  • Logical Operators: Work with TRUE and FALSE values