COGNI (Language)

Cards (132)

  • What is language primarily used for?
    Communication
  • What enables us to express feelings and thoughts?
    Language
  • What are the two properties of language that enhance communication?
    Hierarchical structure and rules
  • How does the hierarchical nature of language function?

    It combines small components into larger units
  • What can words be combined to create?
    Phrases and sentences
  • Why is the rule-based nature of language important?
    It allows specific arrangements of components
  • What is an example of a permissible sentence in English?
    “What is my cat saying?”
  • What does the term "universal" refer to in language use?

    It occurs wherever there are people
  • What do deaf children invent when no language is present?
    Sign language
  • What do all humans with normal capacities develop?
    A language
  • How do people typically feel about studying grammar?
    Many find it difficult
  • How many different languages exist across cultures?
    More than 5,000
  • What did European explorers discover in New Guinea?
    More than 750 languages
  • What is similar about language development across cultures?
    Children begin babbling at about 7 months
  • What is meant by "unique but the same" in languages?
    Languages differ in words but share functions
  • What are the functions of nouns and verbs in all languages?
    They serve essential grammatical roles
  • What did Paul Broca propose about language production?
    Broca's area in the frontal lobe is responsible
  • What is Wernicke's area responsible for?
    Comprehension of language
  • What did B. F. Skinner propose about language learning?
    It is learned through reinforcement
  • What did Noam Chomsky argue about human language?
    It is coded in the genes
  • What was a key argument against behaviorism by Chomsky?
    Children produce sentences never heard before
  • What is the goal of psycholinguistics?
    To discover psychological processes of language
  • What are the four major concerns of psycholinguistics?
    • Comprehension
    • Representation
    • Speech production
    • Acquisition
  • What does comprehension in psycholinguistics involve?
    Understanding spoken and written language
  • What does representation in psycholinguistics refer to?
    How language is organized in the mind
  • What does speech production encompass?
    The processes of creating speech
  • What does acquisition in psycholinguistics study?
    How people learn language
  • What is the lexicon?
    All the words we know
  • What is semantics in language?
    The meaning of language
  • What does word frequency refer to?
    The frequency a word appears in language
  • What is the word frequency effect?
    Faster response to high-frequency words
  • What is a lexical decision task?
    A task to identify words vs. nonwords
  • What did Rayner and Duffy measure in their experiment?
    Participants' eye movements while reading
  • Why do readers have longer fixations on low-frequency words?
    They need more time to access meanings
  • What is the pronunciation of words like?
    Variable among speakers
  • How do people often pronounce words in casual conversation?
    With relaxed pronunciation
  • What is speech segmentation?
    Perception of individual words in speech
  • What influences understanding of spoken words?
    Frequency, context, and knowledge
  • What is lexical ambiguity?
    Words with multiple meanings
  • What did the Tanenhaus experiment measure?

    Response speed to related words