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1st sem
EarthScie Q2.1
Dating
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Cards (23)
What is the technique used to determine the age of rocks and fossils?
Dating
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What are the two types of dating methods?
Relative Dating
and
Absolute Dating
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What does stratigraphy study?
Layers
of rocks and embedded objects
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What assumption is stratigraphy based on regarding rock layers?
Deeper layers are
older
than shallower layers
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What do sequential layers of rock represent?
Sequential
intervals
of time
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What is a bed in stratigraphy?
The smallest
rock unit
matched to a
time interval
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How are related beds grouped in stratigraphy?
Into
members
, then into
formations
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What was the primary method of relative dating in early studies?
Stratigraphy
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Who established the theoretical basis for stratigraphy?
Nicholas Steno
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What did Steno introduce in his 1669 work?
The
law of superposition
and other principles
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What does the law of superposition state?
Each bed is older than the one
above
it
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What does the law of original horizontality state?
Layers of sediment
are deposited horizontally
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What does the law of cross-cutting relationships state?
A rock is
younger
than any rock it cuts
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What does the law of lateral continuity state?
Layers of rock
are continuous until interrupted
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What do unconformities represent in geological history?
Periods of ceased
deposition
and erosion
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What is it called when layers of rock formed without interruption?
Conformable
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What are the three types of unconformities?
Angular Unconformity
Disconformity
Nonconformity
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What characterizes an angular unconformity?
Older sediments
tilted
and truncated by erosion
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What defines a disconformity?
An erosion surface between two
sediment
packages
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What is a nonconformity?
Separation of
igneous
/
metamorphic
rocks from
sedimentary
rocks
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What does a nonconformity indicate?
A long period of
erosion
before
sediment deposition
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What type of rocks are at the base of the Grand Canyon succession?
Archean
Vishnu
schist
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What type of sediments overlay the Archean Vishnu schist?
Younger Proterozoic
and
Phanerozoic
sediments
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