Dating

Cards (23)

  • What is the technique used to determine the age of rocks and fossils?
    Dating
  • What are the two types of dating methods?
    Relative Dating and Absolute Dating
  • What does stratigraphy study?
    Layers of rocks and embedded objects
  • What assumption is stratigraphy based on regarding rock layers?
    Deeper layers are older than shallower layers
  • What do sequential layers of rock represent?
    Sequential intervals of time
  • What is a bed in stratigraphy?
    The smallest rock unit matched to a time interval
  • How are related beds grouped in stratigraphy?
    Into members, then into formations
  • What was the primary method of relative dating in early studies?
    Stratigraphy
  • Who established the theoretical basis for stratigraphy?
    Nicholas Steno
  • What did Steno introduce in his 1669 work?
    The law of superposition and other principles
  • What does the law of superposition state?
    Each bed is older than the one above it
  • What does the law of original horizontality state?
    Layers of sediment are deposited horizontally
  • What does the law of cross-cutting relationships state?
    A rock is younger than any rock it cuts
  • What does the law of lateral continuity state?
    Layers of rock are continuous until interrupted
  • What do unconformities represent in geological history?
    Periods of ceased deposition and erosion
  • What is it called when layers of rock formed without interruption?
    Conformable
  • What are the three types of unconformities?
    1. Angular Unconformity
    2. Disconformity
    3. Nonconformity
  • What characterizes an angular unconformity?
    Older sediments tilted and truncated by erosion
  • What defines a disconformity?
    An erosion surface between two sediment packages
  • What is a nonconformity?
    Separation of igneous/metamorphic rocks from sedimentary rocks
  • What does a nonconformity indicate?
    A long period of erosion before sediment deposition
  • What type of rocks are at the base of the Grand Canyon succession?
    Archean Vishnu schist
  • What type of sediments overlay the Archean Vishnu schist?
    Younger Proterozoic and Phanerozoic sediments