bonding in benzene

• benzene undergoes substitution reactions and not addition
• when benzene reacts it requires catalyst e.g when it reacts with halogens it requires a halogen carrier catalyst as the electron density in the benzene ring is unable to polarise halogen molecules
• Enthalpy change of hydrogenation was found to be less exothermic than that predicted from cyclohexane
• description of bonding in delocalised model

  
• description of bonding in delocalised model

  
• description of bonding in delocalised model

  
• delocalised model more accurate than kekule
• mononitration of benzene

  
• formation of the electrophile (electron pair acceptor)

  
• monobromination of benzene

  
• formation of the electrophile (electron pair acceptor)