Homeostasis

• What is the role of insulin in the body?

  Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels
• When is insulin released by the pancreas?

  When blood glucose concentration is high
• What does insulin do to cells in the body?

  It tells them to absorb excess glucose
• What is glycogen?

  Glycogen is stored glucose in the body
• What happens to blood glucose levels when insulin acts?

  Blood glucose levels decrease to normal
• What are the two types of diabetes mentioned?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• What is the underlying problem in both types of diabetes?

  Inability to regulate blood glucose levels
• At what age does Type 1 diabetes generally occur?

  In childhood or teenage years
• What happens to insulin production in Type 1 diabetes?

  Pancreas stops producing insulin
• What is the main treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

  Injecting insulin into the body
• Where is insulin typically injected for Type 1 diabetes treatment?

  Into the abdomen or thigh
• How does injecting insulin after a meal help Type 1 diabetes patients?

  It mimics the pancreas releasing insulin
• What factors determine the amount of insulin a Type 1 diabetes patient needs to inject?

  What they've eaten and their exercise level
• Why are people with diabetes encouraged to avoid sugary foods?

  To prevent high blood glucose levels
• How does exercise affect insulin needs in diabetes patients?

  More exercise means less insulin needed
• Who is most likely to develop Type 2 diabetes?

  Older people with unhealthy diets
• What causes insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes?

  Cells do not respond to insulin anymore
• What happens to insulin production in Type 2 diabetes?

  Pancreas may produce excess insulin
• Why is giving insulin ineffective for Type 2 diabetes treatment?

  Cells do not respond to the insulin
• What is the main treatment for Type 2 diabetes?

  A healthy low sugar diet and exercise
• What are the key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1:
  • Occurs in childhood/teenage years
  • Pancreas stops producing insulin
  • Treated with insulin injections
  • Type 2:
  • Occurs in older adults
  • Cells become resistant to insulin
  • Treated with diet and exercise
• What should patients with diabetes remember about their treatment?

  Differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• What hormones control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What does blood glucose concentration describe?

  The amount of sugar in the bloodstream
• Why do cells need a constant supply of glucose?

  For respiration to produce energy
• What happens if blood glucose concentration is too high?

  It can damage our tissues
• What occurs when a person eats a large meal with carbohydrates?

  Blood glucose concentration increases
• How does the pancreas respond to high blood glucose levels?

  It releases insulin into the bloodstream
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

  It tells cells to take in glucose
• Which cells are most important for glucose uptake?

  Liver and muscle cells
• What is glycogen?

  A long-term storage form of glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after insulin is released?

  It decreases back to normal levels
• What hormone is released when blood glucose levels are low?

  Glucagon
• How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?

  It increases blood glucose concentration
• What does glucagon do to glycogen in the liver?

  It breaks it down into glucose molecules
• How do insulin and glucagon work together?

  They create a negative feedback loop
• What happens when blood glucose levels fluctuate?

  Insulin and glucagon are continuously released
• What is the effect of skipping breakfast on blood glucose levels?

  It can cause low blood glucose levels
• Why does blood glucose concentration not remain a flat line?

  It constantly changes due to hormone release
• What is homeostasis?

  Process of maintaining a stable internal environment