psychodynamic approach

• Iceberg analogy

  Conscious

  Preconscious (dream state, recent experiences)

  Unconscious (instincts, traumas, fears, passions, etc)
• Theory of personality (psyche)

  Id:

  Born with

  Base drives governed by:

  • Thanatos (aggression)
  • Libido (sexual drive)
  • All is pleasure principle

  Ego:

  Formed by 2 years

  Governed reality principle

  Superego:

  Formed by 6 years

  Governed morality principle

  Our behaviour is due to unconscious conflict (id/ego/superego) in our childhood
• the role of the unconscious


  freud believed in the existence of a part of the mind that was inaccessible to conscious thought. he referred to this as the unconscious mind, the top (representing the conscious mind) being visible. the much larger part (representing the unconscious) being hidden underwater. freud believed most of our everyday actions and behaviours not controlled consciously but are the product of the conscious mind. the unconscious extended its influence into every part of our waking (and sleeping) lives
• types of ego defence mechanisms


  • repression
  • denial
  • displacement
• repression


  refers to the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts and impulses. rather than staying quietly in the unconscious, these repressed thoughts and impulses continue to influence behaviour without individual being aware of reasons behind behaviour
• denial


  the refusal to accept reality to avoid having to deal with painful feelings associated with traumatic event
• displacement


  involves redirecting thoughts/feelings on situation. instead they take out on innocent victim or object
• psychosexual stages of development


  Old Aged Pensioners Love Guinness

  Oral

  Anal

  Phallic

  Latent

  Genital
• oral


  born (sucking)

  chew pen lids, suck hair, biting nails
• anal


  18 months - 3 years

  potty training:

  • anally retentive = tight with money, fastidiously tidy
  • anally repulsive = very messy, generous money
• phallic


  3-6 years

  (genitals)
• latent


  7-11 years

  (no gratification)
• genital


  11+

  (sexual relationships)