Punishment may prevent future crime due to fear of further punishment
Rehabilitation, left
Reforming / re-educating offenders so they no longer offend
Incapacitation, left
Removing the offenders capacity to re-offend, e.g. execution / imprisonment
Retribution, left
Idea that society is entitled to take revenge for the offender having breached a moral code
Durkheim
Argued function of punishment is to uphold social solidarity and reinforce shared values by expressing society's moral outrage at the offend
Durkheim
Retributive justice = traditional society > strong collective conscience > punishment is severe and vengeful
Restitutive justice = in modern society > evidence of extensive interdependence between individuals > crime damages this > function of justice should be to repair the damage through compensation
Evaluation of Durkheim
View is too simplistic > traditional societies often have restitutive justice rather than redistributive justice, e.g. nobles may have paid off a blood fued
Marxism
Punishment is part of a 'repressive state apparatus' > defends ruling class property against w/c
form of punishment reflects economic base of society
under capitalism, prison becomes dominant punishment > capitalist economy claims time is money > offenders pay by 'doing time'
