Organic intro

• There are different ways of writing and representing organic compounds, including empirical formula, molecular formula, general formula, structural formula, displayed formula, and skeletal formula.
• Organic compounds can be part of a homologous series, where each consecutive member differs by CH2 and there is an increase in boiling points as chain length increases.
• Reaction mechanisms show the movement of electrons within a reaction and are represented with curly arrows.
• Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule, including structural isomers, position isomers, functional group isomers, and stereoisomers.
• E-Z isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where limited rotation around a double carbon bond results in groups being either 'together' or 'apart'.
• chain isomerism - same molecular formula but different carbon chain
• position isomer - same molecular formula but the functional group is in a different place
• functional group isomer - same molecular formula but different types of functional groups
• Hydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only
• Saturated: Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only
• Unsaturated : Contains a C=C double bond
• Skeletal formula shows the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.