A reference to a source of information that you use in your writing or research.
Citation
A brief reference used within the body of your writing to indicate that the information you're presenting comes from another source.
In-Text Citations
Identifies the source of the information.
Author's Last Name
Shows when the source was published.
Publication Year
Specifies the location of the quoted material in the source.
Page Number
Provides complete details about a source and is usually listed at the end of your work in the reference list, bibliography, or works cited section.
Full Citation
It was designed for use in psychology, but today it’s widely used across various disciplines, especially in the social sciences.
APA Style
Include the author's last name, the year ofpublication, and the page number (if applicable).
APA in-text citation
It’s widely used across various humanities disciplines. Unlike most parenthetical citation styles, it’s author-page rather than author-date.
MLA Style
Include the author's last name and page number, but not the year of publication.
MLA in-text citations
It’s used mainly in the sciences and social sciences. Uses footnotes or endnotes instead of in-text citations for most disciplines, but in author-date style, it includes the author’s name, year, and page number.
Chicago Style
Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of the book. Publisher.
APA Style - Book
Author(s). (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxx
APA Style - Journal Article
Author(s). (Year, Month Date). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL
APA Style - Website
Author(s). Title of the Book. Publisher, Year.
MLA Style - Book
Author(s). "Title of the Article." Title of the Journal, vol. number, no. issue, year, pages.
MLA Style - Journal Article
Author(s). "Title of the Webpage." Website Name, Publication date, URL.
MLA Style - Website
Author(s). Year of publication. Title of the book. Publisher.
Chicago Style - Book
Author(s). Year of publication. "Title of the article." Title of the Journal Volume(Issue): Page range. https://doi.org/xxx
Chicago Style - Journal Article
Author(s). Year. "Title of the Webpage." Website Name. Accessed Month Date, Year. URL.
Chicago Style - Website
A detailed description of a source of information that you've used to support your research or arguments.
Reference
A free, open-source reference management tool. Helps collect, organize, cite, and share your sources. It’s useful for managing large research projects.
Zotero
A unique research tool designed to help researchers, academics, and students explore academic literature in a visual and interconnected way.
Connected Papers
A social networking site for scientists and researchers to share papers, ask questions, and collaborate on research.
Researchgate
A comprehensive reference management software that allows users to organize references and generate bibliographies in different citation styles.
Endnote
A unique alphanumeric string is assigned to digital content, such as journal articles, research papers, books, and other scholarly publications.