Biological Treatments for OCD

• What does the term 'polygenic' mean in the context of genetic explanations of OCD?

  Involves multiple genes influencing OCD
• Identify one gene linked to OCD and describe its role.

  5-HTTLPR gene affects serotonin transport
• What is the role of serotonin in the neural explanation of OCD?

  Regulates mood and anxiety, affecting OCD symptoms
• How is the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) implicated in the neural explanation of OCD?

  OFC is involved in decision-making and anxiety
• What is the rationale behind drug treatment for OCD?

  • OCD is linked to low serotonin levels
  • Increasing serotonin levels may alleviate symptoms
• What does SSRI stand for?

  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
• How do SSRIs work in treating OCD?

  They block reabsorption of serotonin in synapse
• How long does it typically take for SSRIs to have an effect?

  3-4 months
• What are alternatives to SSRIs for treating OCD?

  • Tricyclics (e.g., Clomipramine)
  • SNRIs (Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors)
  • Combination with CBT (Cognitive Behaviour Therapy)
• Why is it important to have alternative treatments for OCD?

  Not all patients respond to SSRIs effectively
• What did Soomro et al (2009) conclude about SSRIs compared to placebos?

  SSRIs showed significantly better results
• What percentage of people see symptom reduction with SSRIs?

  70%
• Why are SSRIs considered cheaper than psychological treatments?

  They require less time and disruption
• What are some common side effects of SSRIs?

  Indigestion, blurred vision, loss of sex drive
• What severe side effects can Clomipramine cause?

  Tremors, weight gain, aggressive behavior
• What did Maine et al (2001) find regarding medication for OCD?

  Patients relapse within weeks if stopped
• Why do some psychologists question the evidence for drug treatment?

  Research may be biased by drug companies
• What other causes of OCD should be acknowledged besides biological factors?

  Traumatic life events may also contribute
• What are the key points regarding drug therapy for OCD?

  • SSRIs increase serotonin levels
  • Alternatives include tricyclics and SNRIs
  • Side effects vary in severity
  • Research supports effectiveness but may be biased
  • Relapse is common after stopping medication