EGYPT module 4

• What significant realization did the citizens of Egypt have around 6000 DC?

  The importance of the Nile River
• When did the civilization of Egypt start?

  3100 DC
• Who is considered the founder of the Egyptian civilization?

  Narmer/Menes
• What significant structure did Zoser build around 2580 DC?

  The first Stone Pyramid at Saqqara
• What practice was introduced during the time of mummification?

  Placing organs in canopic jars
• What major action did Egyptians take around 2000 BC?

  Started to colonize to expand
• Who was the first female Pharaoh of Egypt?

  Hatu Shepsut
• Why did Hatu Shepsut become Pharaoh?

  Her child was only a baby
• What significant religious practice began during the Fourth Dynasty?

  Monotheism
• What name did Amenhotep IV change to?

  Akenhaten
• Who was the Pharaoh during the time of Moses?

  Rameses
• What year did Alexander the Great conquer Egypt?

  332 BC
• What significant modernization began in Egypt in 1805?

  Start of modernization under Muhammad Ali
• What material did Ancient Egyptians use to write on during the Old Kingdom?

  Papyrus
• What is the Coffin Text in Egyptian literature?

  A dialogue of a man with his Ba
• What type of literature was prominent in the Middle Kingdom?

  Hymns and songs for deity and king
• Who is Cleopatra known for in Egyptian history?

  Using her beauty to tempt pharaohs
• What themes were prevalent in New Kingdom literature?

  Military, colonial, and heroism
• What does the Book of the Dead contain?

  Mortuary spells for the afterlife
• What is the significance of the Tale of Sinuhe?

  Classic of Egyptian literature about a poor man
• What is Al-Azhar University known for?

  Religious and secular studies
• What is the educational policy of Al-Azhar University?

  Open to all Muslim students
• When was Al-Azhar University founded?

  In 969 AD
• What was the first seminar held at Al-Azhar about?

  Shi'ite law by Abu El-Hassan
• How did Al-Azhar contribute to the intellectual life during the Fatimid period?

  It was essential for intellectual life
• What role did Al-Azhar play during the Mamluks period?

  It became a shelter for scholars
• What was Al-Azhar's status under the Ottomans?

  Financially independent
• What did Bonaparte compare Al-Azhar to?

  The Sorbonne in Paris
• What was the significance of Al-Azhar during the French occupation?

  It was a meeting place for revolutionaries
• What did Mohammad Ali do to modernize Egypt?

  Sent scholarships to Europe
• Who were some notable figures that studied at Al-Azhar?

  Saad Zaghloul and Mohamed Abdu
• What was the outcome of the meeting between Muslim Ulama and Christian priests at Al-Azhar?

  Addressed people from the pulpit
• How did Al-Azhar adapt after the 1952 revolution?

  Modernized to fulfill its role
• The citizen of Egypt realizes the important of Nile River


  6000 DC
• 3100 DC events


  1. Their Civilization was started
  2. They become organized
  3. Narmer/Menes-(Founder)
  4. First Dynasty
• Narmer is believed to have been a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period in Egypt (c. 3100 BCE).
• Menes is another name often credited as the unifier of Egypt and the first pharaoh of the First Dynasty.
• 2580 DC events


  1. Zoser (built the first Stone Pyramid at Saqqara)
  2. There is Mummification (they place it at cannofic jar)
  3. Second Dynasty
• 2000 BC events


  1. They started to colonize just to expand their place
  2. Third dynasty
• 1540 BC events


  1. The First Female Pharaoh (Hatu Shepsut) Her husband is Thutmose I (her half-brother/her husband)
  2. He ruled Egypt for only 4 years
  3. Hatu Shepsut became pharaoh because their child is only baby
  4. It focusses on Architecture
  5. Fourth Dynasty