Introduction

Cards (68)

  • What is the primary function of blood?
    Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues
  • What does blood clear from tissues?
    Carbon dioxide
  • What substances does blood transport?
    Glucose, proteins, and fats
  • Where does blood move waste to?
    Liver and kidneys
  • How much blood does the average human have?
    5 liters
  • What is the liquid portion of anticoagulated blood called?
    Plasma
  • What is the liquid portion of clotted blood known as?
    Serum
  • What are the three categories of blood cells?
    • Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
    • White blood cells (leukocytes)
    • Platelets (thrombocytes)
  • What is the study of blood cells called?
    Hematology
  • Who described worms in the blood?
    Athanasius Kircher
  • What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek give an account of?

    Red blood cells
  • Who described platelets as "petites plaques"?

    Giulio Bizzozero
  • What did James Homer Wright develop?

    Wright stain
  • How is the hematology laboratory analyzed in the present day?

    By automation
  • What are red blood cells filled with?

    Hemoglobin
  • What is the shape of red blood cells?
    Biconcave, anucleate, discoid cells
  • What color do red blood cells appear under a microscope?

    Pink to red
  • What is the diameter of red blood cells?
    1. 8 µm
  • What does a zone of pallor in red blood cells indicate?
    It occupies one third of their center
  • Why are red blood cells counted?
    To detect anemia or polycythemia
  • What is anemia?
    Loss of oxygen carrying capacity
  • What is polycythemia?
    Increased red blood cell count
  • How are red blood cells counted?
    Using a Thoma pipette and Hemocytometer
  • What is osmosis?
    Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
  • What is an isotonic solution?
    Same osmolality as another solution
  • What happens to red blood cells in a hypotonic solution?
    They swell and may lyse
  • What happens to red blood cells in a hypertonic solution?
    They shrink or crenate
  • Who patented the first electronic counter?
    Joseph and Wallace Coulter
  • What principle does the Coulter counter operate on?
    Direct current electrical impedance
  • What are white blood cells also known as?
    Leukocytes
  • What is the primary function of white blood cells?
    Protect host from infection and injury
  • How are white blood cells counted?
    Using a dilute acid solution
  • What is the normal range for white blood cell count?
    4500 to 11,500/µl
  • What does leukocytosis indicate?
    WBC count of >11,500
  • What does leukopenia indicate?
    WBC count of <4500
  • What are the types of white blood cells?
    • Neutrophils
    • Eosinophils
    • Basophils
    • Lymphocytes
    • Monocytes
  • What is neutrophilia?
    Increase in neutrophils
  • What is neutropenia?
    Decrease in neutrophils
  • What does a left shift indicate?
    Increase in band neutrophils
  • What is eosinophilia?
    Elevated eosinophil count