B3: shopping

• What is self-medication an example of?

  The cognitive approach
• What does self-medication potentially treat?

  Other problems
• What is retail therapy often considered?

  A joke about shopping
• How do some people use shopping to deal with personal issues?

  As a way to cope with serious issues
• What can initiate compulsive shopping?

  Excitement and relief from boredom
• Why might shopping relieve boredom?

  It is exciting and easily accessible
• What is a common feature of shopping habits?

  Items can often be returned
• What psychological issues can shopping relieve?

  Emotional distress and low self-esteem
• What can trigger emotional distress related to shopping?

  Childhood trauma and major life events
• What types of trauma can affect emotional distress?

  Abuse and neglect
• What misconception does the term trauma convey?

  Only bad experiences matter
• What financial issues can compulsive shopping lead to?

  Serious financial problems and debts
• What triggers anxiety in compulsive shoppers?

  True consequences of their addiction
• How do compulsive shoppers cope with anxiety?

  By hiding bank statements and avoiding friends
• What is the simplest method for compulsive shoppers to relieve anxiety?

  Continue shopping
• Why is shopping to self-medicate considered counterproductive?

  It leads to more debt and stress
• What happens after a spending spree for compulsive shoppers?

  Usual anxieties return
• What is the mood repair function of shopping?

  Relieves anxiety and provides excitement
• What can happen in severe compulsive shopping cases?

  The cycle can continue for years
• What feelings do compulsive shoppers experience when trying to stop?

  Distress, boredom, and loneliness
• What is a paradox of self-medication in shopping addiction?

  Shopping is a coping strategy
• What did Khantzian (1985) believe about the addiction cycle?

  It must treat underlying emotional distress
• What should compulsive shoppers focus on to overcome their addiction?

  Increasing self-esteem
• How can therapy help compulsive shoppers?

  By boosting self-esteem in other areas
• What research supports the role of early trauma in shopping addiction?

  Family histories of compulsive shoppers
• What did studies find about compulsive shoppers' childhoods?

  More experiences of family dysfunction
• What is linked to later emotional distress and compulsive shopping?

  Childhood abuse and neglect
• What is a strength of the self-medication theory?

  Links compulsive shopping to mental disorders
• What percentage of compulsive shoppers have anxiety disorders?

  Between 41% and 80%
• What percentage of compulsive shoppers have mood disorders?

  Between 21% and 100%
• What is a weakness of the self-medication theory?

  It minimizes non-cognitive factors
• What genetic component is linked to mental disorders?

  Significant genetic component
• What is unclear about the links between compulsive shopping and other factors?

  The direction of cause and effect
• What does self-medication theory predict about mental disorders?

  They should occur before shopping develops
• What is a common experience for compulsive shoppers during withdrawal?

  Negative emotions like anxiety and boredom
• What is a cue associated with shopping for compulsive shoppers?

  Adverts on TV
• What happens when a compulsive shopper experiences negative emotions?

  They may shop again for relief
• What does research support about advertising and shopping?

  It acts as a cue to shopping
• What do gender differences in shopping indicate?

  Different product categories for men and women
• What do compulsive shoppers often buy?

  Items matching stereotypical gender roles