Practical Applications and Key Concepts

• How are solar panels used domestically?

  To generate electricity for homes
• What role do batteries play in electric vehicles (EVs)?

  They store energy to power the vehicle
• Where are offshore wind farms commonly located?

  In coastal waters
• How is hydropower integrated into national grids?

  By supplying electricity from dams
• Name a notable tidal energy project.

  La Rance Tidal Power Station
• Where is geothermal energy commonly used?

  In volcanic regions
• Why are grids using battery storage?

  To manage energy supply and demand
• How do smart grids use storage systems?

  To optimize energy distribution and usage
• How does pumped-storage balance energy supply?

  By storing excess energy for later use
• Give an example of an energy-efficient city.

  Freiburg, Germany
• What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy?

  • Renewable: Naturally replenished (e.g., solar, wind)
  • Non-renewable: Finite resources (e.g., coal, oil)
• Why are low carbon emissions important?

  They reduce climate change impacts
• What is energy efficiency?

  • Using less energy to provide the same service
  • Reducing waste in energy consumption
• What makes energy sustainable?

  It meets current needs without harming future generations
• Why is grid stability important for energy supply?

  It ensures reliable electricity delivery
• What does energy density mean?

  Energy stored per unit volume or mass
• Why are renewables becoming cheaper?

  Due to technological advancements and economies of scale
• How does technology advancement improve renewables?

  By increasing efficiency and reducing costs
• What is the lifecycle of a lithium-ion battery?

  Production, usage, recycling, and disposal
• Compare the environmental impact of renewables and fossil fuels.

  Renewables have lower emissions than fossil fuels