Gas Laws

Cards (44)

  • How is the motion of gas molecules described?
    Gas molecules move with Brownian motion
  • What causes Brownian motion in gas molecules?
    Collisions with larger particles
  • How does a gas exert a force on its container?
    Molecules collide with the walls of the container
  • What happens during collisions of gas molecules with the container walls?
    Collisions cause a change in momentum
  • What does a change in momentum produce?
    A force equal to the rate of change of momentum
  • What does Boyle’s Law state?
    Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
  • Under what condition does Boyle's Law apply?
    When a gas is at a constant temperature
  • What does Charles’ Law state?
    Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature
  • Under what condition does Charles' Law apply?
    When a gas is at a constant pressure
  • What happens when the volume of a gas increases according to Boyle's Law?
    The rate of collisions decreases
  • What is the effect of decreased collision rate on pressure?
    It causes a decrease in pressure
  • What does the Pressure Law state?
    Pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature
  • What happens as temperature increases according to the Pressure Law?
    The average kinetic energy of molecules increases
  • How does increased kinetic energy affect the speed of gas molecules?
    It increases the speed of the molecules
  • What compensates for the faster speed of molecules at constant pressure?
    The volume of the gas increases
  • What are the assumptions made in kinetic theory about gases?
    • Gas contains a large number of molecules
    • Molecules are identical to each other
    • Collisions are perfectly elastic
    • Time for collisions is negligible
    • No intermolecular forces exist
    • Molecules are in constant random motion
    • Gas particles obey Newton’s Laws of motion
  • What happens as temperature increases according to the Pressure Law?
    It increases the rate of collisions
  • What does a greater rate of collisions lead to according to the Pressure Law?
    A greater force exerted and increase in pressure
  • What are ideal gases in kinetic theory?
    • Follow all assumptions made in kinetic theory
    • Exhibit predictable behavior under various conditions
  • What type of motion do gas particles exhibit?
    Constant, random Brownian motion
  • What causes gas particles to exert pressure on their containers?
    Collisions with each other and container walls
  • What is the formula for pressure in terms of force and area?
    P = F/A
  • What does impulse equal in a force-time graph?
    Area under the force-time graph
  • Why do gas particles take a random path?
    Due to constant collisions changing direction
  • What is the relationship between displacement and the number of steps taken?
    Displacement d/number of stepsd/\sqrt{\text{number of steps}}
  • What does Boyle's Law state about pressure and volume at constant temperature?
    • Pressure (p) and volume (V) are inversely proportional
    • pV = constant
    • As volume decreases, pressure increases
  • What does Charles' Law state about volume and temperature at constant pressure?
    • Volume (V) is directly proportional to absolute temperature (T)
    • V/T = constant
  • What does the Pressure Law state about pressure and temperature at constant volume?
    • Pressure (p) is directly proportional to absolute temperature (T)
    • p/T = constant
  • What are the assumptions of ideal gases in Kinetic Theory?
    • Large number of identical molecules
    • Perfectly elastic collisions
    • Negligible collision time
    • No intermolecular forces
    • Constant random motion
    • Obey Newton's Laws of motion
  • What is the ideal gas equation?
    pV = nRT
  • What does each variable in the ideal gas equation represent?
    p = pressure, V = volume, n = moles, R = gas constant, T = temperature
  • What is the value of the gas constant R?
    1. 314 J/(mol·K)
  • What is the Boltzmann constant k?
    1. 38 x 102310^{-23} J/K
  • How is the ideal gas law derived from the three gas laws?
    • Combine Boyle's, Charles', and Pressure Laws
    • pV = nRT or pV = NkT
  • How is pressure related to the motion of gas particles in a cubic box?
    Pressure is ⅓ of total pressure in one dimension
  • What happens to momentum during a collision with the wall of a container?
    Momentum changes by 2mc2mc
  • How is force calculated in terms of momentum and time?
    Force = change in momentum/time
  • What is the relationship between pressure and volume in the ideal gas equation?
    Pressure is equal to mc23V\frac{mc^2}{3V}
  • What is the internal energy of an ideal gas?
    • Sum of kinetic and potential energies
    • For ideal gases, potential energy is negligible
    • Internal energy = kinetic energy
  • How is kinetic energy related to temperature in an ideal gas?
    Kinetic energy is approximated to 32kT\frac{3}{2}kT