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Physics
Gas Laws
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Cards (44)
How is the motion of gas molecules described?
Gas molecules move with
Brownian motion
What causes Brownian motion in gas molecules?
Collisions
with larger particles
How does a gas exert a force on its container?
Molecules
collide with the walls of the container
What happens during collisions of gas molecules with the container walls?
Collisions cause a
change in momentum
What does a change in momentum produce?
A
force
equal to the
rate of change
of momentum
What does Boyle’s Law state?
Pressure
and
volume
are inversely proportional
Under what condition does Boyle's Law apply?
When a gas is at a constant
temperature
What does Charles’ Law state?
Volume
is directly proportional to
absolute temperature
Under what condition does Charles' Law apply?
When a gas is at a
constant pressure
What happens when the volume of a gas increases according to Boyle's Law?
The rate of
collisions
decreases
What is the effect of decreased collision rate on pressure?
It
causes a
decrease
in
pressure
What does the Pressure Law state?
Pressure is directly
proportional
to
absolute temperature
What happens as temperature increases according to the Pressure Law?
The average
kinetic energy
of molecules increases
How does increased kinetic energy affect the speed of gas molecules?
It increases the speed of the molecules
What compensates for the faster speed of molecules at constant pressure?
The
volume of the gas
increases
What are the assumptions made in kinetic theory about gases?
Gas contains a large number of molecules
Molecules are
identical
to each other
Collisions are perfectly
elastic
Time for collisions is
negligible
No
intermolecular
forces exist
Molecules are in constant random motion
Gas particles obey
Newton’s Laws
of motion
What happens as temperature increases according to the Pressure Law?
It increases the rate of
collisions
What does a greater rate of collisions lead to according to the Pressure Law?
A greater
force exerted
and increase in
pressure
What are ideal gases in kinetic theory?
Follow all assumptions made in kinetic theory
Exhibit
predictable
behavior under various conditions
What type of motion do gas particles exhibit?
Constant, random
Brownian motion
What causes gas particles to exert pressure on their containers?
Collisions
with each other and container walls
What is the formula for pressure in terms of force and area?
P
=
F
/
A
What does impulse equal in a force-time graph?
Area
under
the
force-time
graph
Why do gas particles take a random path?
Due to
constant
collisions
changing direction
What is the relationship between displacement and the number of steps taken?
Displacement
∝
d
/
number of steps
d/\sqrt{\text{number of steps}}
d
/
number of steps
What does Boyle's Law state about pressure and volume at constant temperature?
Pressure (p) and volume (V) are inversely
proportional
pV
= constant
As volume
decreases
, pressure increases
What does Charles' Law state about volume and temperature at constant pressure?
Volume
(
V
) is
directly
proportional
to
absolute
temperature
(
T)
V/T =
constant
What does the Pressure Law state about pressure and temperature at constant volume?
Pressure
(
p
) is
directly
proportional
to
absolute
temperature
(
T
)
p/T =
constant
What are the assumptions of ideal gases in Kinetic Theory?
Large number of
identical molecules
Perfectly elastic collisions
Negligible collision time
No
intermolecular forces
Constant random motion
Obey
Newton's Laws
of motion
What is the ideal gas equation?
pV
=
nRT
What does each variable in the ideal gas equation represent?
p =
pressure
, V = volume, n =
moles
, R = gas constant, T =
temperature
What is the value of the gas constant R?
314
J/(mol·K)
What is the Boltzmann constant k?
38 x
1
0
−
23
10^{-23}
1
0
−
23
J/K
How is the ideal gas law derived from the three gas laws?
Combine
Boyle's
,
Charles'
, and
Pressure Laws
pV =
nRT
or pV =
NkT
How is pressure related to the motion of gas particles in a cubic box?
Pressure
is ⅓ of total pressure in one
dimension
What happens to momentum during a collision with the wall of a container?
Momentum changes by
2
m
c
2mc
2
m
c
How is force calculated in terms of momentum and time?
Force =
change in momentum
/time
What is the relationship between pressure and volume in the ideal gas equation?
Pressure is equal to
m
c
2
3
V
\frac{mc^2}{3V}
3
V
m
c
2
What is the internal energy of an ideal gas?
Sum of kinetic and potential energies
For ideal gases, potential energy is negligible
Internal energy =
kinetic energy
How is kinetic energy related to temperature in an ideal gas?
Kinetic energy is approximated to
3
2
k
T
\frac{3}{2}kT
2
3
k
T
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