DTM

• What does the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) show?

  Population changes over time
• What are the five stages of the DTM linked to?

  • Levels of development
  • Population changes
• Which stage of the DTM is the least developed?

  Stage 1
• Why are both birth rates and death rates high in Stage 1?

  No use of contraception and poor healthcare
• Which country is an example of a Stage 2 country?

  Gambia
• What happens to birth and death rates in Stage 2 countries?

  Birth rates remain high, death rates fall
• What improvements lead to falling death rates in Stage 2?

  Improvements in diet and healthcare
• Which countries are typically in Stage 3 of the DTM?

  Most NEEs, e.g., India
• What changes occur in birth and death rates in Stage 3?

  Death rates fall, birth rates also fall
• What factors contribute to falling birth rates in Stage 3?

  Contraception and women pursuing careers
• What characterizes Stages 4 and 5 of the DTM?

  Both birth rates and death rates are low
• What is the life expectancy like in Stages 4 and 5?

  Life expectancy is high
• What are the limitations of the DTM?

  • Developed from Western Europe and North America
  • May not apply to LICs globally
  • Doesn't account for declining populations
• Why might the DTM not apply to LICs?

  Conditions might differ significantly
• What is a significant oversight of the original DTM model?

  It doesn't account for declining populations
• What problems are caused by overpopulation?

  • Environmental damage
  • Reduced health and happiness
  • Falling incomes
  • Famine
  • Stress on water supplies
  • Increased demand for infrastructure
  • Overcrowding in urban areas
• Why are birth rates high in LICs?

  Children needed for employment
• What contributes to high infant mortality in LICs?

  Lack of family planning and healthcare
• How does improved diet affect birth and death rates in LICs?

  It helps lower death rates
• What role do vaccinations play in LICs?

  They help reduce death rates
• How does access to clean water affect health in LICs?

  It improves overall health and reduces death rates
• What is the impact of better medical facilities in LICs?

  They contribute to lower death rates
• How does the DTM relate to a country's level of development?

  • Stages reflect population changes
  • Stages correlate with development levels
  • Higher stages indicate better healthcare and lower rates
• How does falling birth rate reflect increased economic development?

  Indicates better family planning and women's careers
• How can an increasing death rate reflect high levels of development?

  May indicate an aging population
• What negative effects could Stage 5 of the DTM have on development?

  Potential for labor shortages and economic decline
• What is the definition of the Demographic Transition Model?

  It shows population change over time
• How does the DTM help determine a country's development?

  By analyzing birth and death rates
• What are the stages of the DTM?

  1. Stage 1: High birth and death rates
  2. Stage 2: High birth rates, falling death rates
  3. Stage 3: Falling birth and death rates
  4. Stage 4: Low birth and death rates
  5. Stage 5: Very low birth rates, potential decline