language

• Comparing two things using "like" or "as" (e.g., "The clouds were like cotton")

  simile
• Saying one thing is another (e.g., "The classroom was a zoo")

  metaphor
• Giving human traits to non-human things (e.g., "The leaves danced in the wind")

  personification
• Repeating the initial sounds of words (e.g., "Big brown bears").

  Alliteration
• Words that imitate sounds (e.g., "Bang", "Drip")

  onomatopoeia
• Exaggeration for emphasis (e.g., "I’ve waited forever")

  hyperbole
• The attitude of the writer (e.g., humorous, critical, hopeful)


  tone
• Using an object or colour to represent a deeper meaning (e.g., white for purity)

  symbolism
• A question asked for effect, not requiring an answer (e.g., "Who wouldn’t want success?")

  rhetorical question
• Words designed to provoke emotions (e.g., "tragic", "heart-breaking")

  emotive language
• Moving the reader’s attention from one element to another (e.g., zooming in on a detail after describing a setting)

  focus shifts
• Moving between detailed and broad perspectives

  zoom in/out
• The text starts and ends in a similar way (e.g., revisiting a place or image)

  cyclical structure
• Ending a section with unresolved suspense

  cliff-hanger
• The speed of the text's flow, influenced by sentence length or events

  pacing
• Events presented in the order they occurred

  chronological order
• Emphasizing an idea by repeating key words or phrases

  repetition
• Speech used to reveal character or advance the plot

  dialogue
• Hints about what will happen late

  foreshadowing
• Use of short or long paragraphs to control tension or focus

  paragraphing
• What is a noun?

  • A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
  • Examples: cat, London, happiness, book
• What is a verb?

  • A word that shows an action or a state of being.
  • Examples: run, think, is, jump
• What is an adjective?

  • A word that describes a noun (gives more detail).
  • Examples: tall, happy, blue, dangerous
• What is an adverb?

  • A word that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
  • Often tells how, when, or where something happens.
  • Examples: quickly, very, tomorrow, silently
• What is a pronoun?

  • A word used instead of a noun to avoid repetition.
  • Examples: he, she, it, they, them, we
• What is a preposition?

  • A word that shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and something else.
  • Often shows time, place, or direction.
  • Examples: in, on, under, after, between
• What is a conjunction?

  • A word that joins words or sentences together.
  • Examples: and, but, because, although
• What is a determiner?

  • A word placed in front of a noun to show which one or how many.
  • Examples: the, a, some, many, my, this
• What is an interjection?

  • A short exclamation that shows emotion.
  • Examples: wow!, ouch!, hey!, oh!
• a list where items are separated by commas rather than using conjunctions like "and", it increases the pace of the text.

  Asyndetic listing