C3a

• state symbols

  tell you what state a reactant or product is in
• solid

  s
• gas

  g
• liquid

  l
• aqueous

  aq
• def of aqueous

  dissolved in water
• acids and alkaline are always aqueous
• metal oxides and metal carbonates are usually solids
• during a chemical reaction atoms cannot be create or destroyed they are just rearranged
• sulfate ion

  SO4^2-
• nitrate ion

  NO3^-
• carbonate ion

  CO3^2-
• hydroxide ion

  OH^-
• ammonium ion

  NH4^+
• Phosphate ion

  PO4^3-
• In an ionic formula the metal always goes first
• redox reaction

  in an oxidation-reduction reaction electrons move between atoms
• oxidation

  loss of electrons, oxidised
• reduction

  gain of electrons, reduced
• OIL RIG

  O- oxidation

  I- is a

  L- loss of electrons

  
  

  R- reduction

  I- is a

  G- gain of electrons
• Half equations

  represent the loss or gain of electrons during the formation of a particular ion
• precipitate

  an insoluble product in the solid state formed during a reaction involving solutions.