LL Bones and Joints

• What are the bones of the lower limb?

  Hip bone, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
• What are the four bones of the pelvis?

  • 2 hip bones
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
• What is the function of the hip bone?

  Forms the anterolateral walls of the pelvis
• Where do the hip bones articulate with each other?

  At the pubic symphysis
• What bones form the hip bone?

  Ilium, ischium, pubis
• What are the bony markings of the hip bone (coxa)?

  • Iliac crest
  • Iliac tubercle
  • ASIS
  • AIIS
  • PSIS
  • PIIS
  • Ischial spine
  • Greater sciatic notch
  • Lesser sciatic notch
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Ramus of the ischium
  • Superior ramus of pubis
  • Inferior ramus of pubis
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Acetabular fossa
  • Acetabular notch
• What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

  Femur
• What is the primary function of the femur?

  Transmits body weight from hip to tibia
• What are the bony markings of the femur?

  • Head
  • Fovea capitis
  • Neck
  • Greater trochanter
  • Lesser trochanter
  • Intertrochanteric line
  • Intertrochanteric crest
  • Quadrate tubercle
  • Shaft
  • Linea aspera
  • Medial supracondylar line
  • Lateral supracondylar line
  • Lateral epicondyle
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Adductor tubercle
  • Gluteal tuberosity
  • Popliteal surface
  • Patellar surface
• How does the femur relate to a person's height?

  It is approximately ¼ of a person's height
• What is the tibia also known as?

  Shin bone
• What are the bony markings of the patella?

  • Base
  • Apex
  • Anterior surface
  • Posterior surface
  • Vertical ridge
  • Lateral, medial and odd facets
• What is the primary function of the tibia?

  It is the weightbearing bone of the leg
• How many articulations does the tibia form?

  Four articulations
• What are the bony markings of the tibia?

  • Lateral tibial plateau/condyle
  • Medial tibial plateau/condyle
  • Intercondylar eminence
  • Fibular notch
  • Shaft
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Soleal line
  • Medial malleolus
  • Interosseous border
  • Anterior border
• What is the fibula's characteristic?

  It is a slender, lateral bone of the leg
• What are the bony markings of the fibula?

  • Head
  • Shaft
  • Lateral malleolus
  • Tibial notch
  • Groove for peroneal tendon
  • Interosseous border
• What are the bones of the foot?

  • 7 tarsals
  • 5 metatarsals
  • 14 phalanges
• What are the bony markings of the talus?

  • Trochlear surface
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Anterior, middle, posterior facets
  • Talar sulcus
  • Lateral & medial tubercles
• What are the bony markings of the cuneiform?

  • Transverse arch
• What are the bony markings of the cuboid?

  • Groove for FL tendon
• What are the bony markings of the calcaneus?

  • Tuberosity
  • Lateral and medial processes
  • Anterior, middle and posterior facets
  • Calcaneal sulcus
  • Sustentaculum talus
• What are the bony markings of the navicular?

  • Proximal concave surface
  • Tuberosity
• What are the bony markings of the metatarsal?

  • Base
  • Shaft
  • Head
  • Articular facets at the base
  • Styloid process (5th)
• What are the bony markings of the phalanx?

  • Base
  • Shaft
  • Head
• What are the structural and functional types of the pubic symphysis joint?

  • Structural type: Cartilaginous - symphysis
  • Functional type: Synarthrosis
• What are the structural and functional types of the sacroiliac joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial (early); Fibrous - syndesmosis (later)
  • Functional type: Synarthrosis
• What are the structural and functional types of the coxofemoral joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Ball and socket
• What are the structural and functional types of the tibiofemoral joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Condyloid
• What are the structural and functional types of the patellofemoral joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Plane
• What are the structural and functional types of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Plane
• What are the structural and functional types of the distal tibiofibular joint?

  • Structural type: Fibrous - syndesmosis
  • Functional type: Synarthrosis
• What are the structural and functional types of the talocrural joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Hinge
• What are the structural and functional types of the talocalcaneal joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Plane
• What are the structural and functional types of the midtarsal joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Plane
• What are the structural and functional types of the intertarsal joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Plane
• What are the structural and functional types of the intermetatarsal joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Plane
• What are the structural and functional types of the tarsometatarsal joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Plane
• What are the structural and functional types of the metatarsophalangeal joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Condyloid
• What are the structural and functional types of the proximal interphalangeal joint?

  • Structural type: Synovial
  • Functional type: Hinge