Heart and Blood

• How are the lungs adapted for gaseous exchange?


  B.O.G

  moist walls
• What is the double circulatory system?


  • 'Blood passes through the heart twice for one circulation of the body'
  • Blood passes through the right side of the heart and then the left side through two SEPERATE routes
  • Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
• What cells control your resting heart rate?

  • Pacemaker cells - found in right atrium
  • Send electrical impulses around the heart, causing the muscles to contract continuously
• What are artificial pacemakers?


  • Control irregularities in the heart rate
  • Replace faulty pacemaker cells
• What is blood 


  • A tissue containing plasma
• What is plasma?


  • Pale coloured
  • Watery texture
  • Contains RBC, WBC, platelets, waste products, hormones etc
• What are redblood cells?


  • Carry oxygen in the blood to tissues
  • Contain heamoglobin which bind to oxygen to create oxyheamoglobin
• What are adaptations of RBC?

  • No nucleus - allows more space for oxygen
  • Bioconcave shape increases SA to absorb oxygen
• What are WBC


  • help the body to fight infection and disease
  • phagocytes
  • lymphocytes
  • anitoxins
• How are WBC adapted?

  • Irregular shape - can squeeze out of blood vessels to fight infection
  • do contain nucleus
• What are platelets?


  • Small
  • Help clot blood if you get a cut
  • Stops blood from leaving the body
  • Stops microorganisms from entering the body
• name substances in the blood plasma

  • glucose
  • water
  • amino acids